Zimbabwe fights taboo to produce more grain

MAMBWERE, Zimbabwe — Samuel Mudziwepasi lost his entire maize crop in the last farming season, when a drought ravaged much of Zimbabwe.

Now he fears his next harvest will be just as bad, as his crop is already damaged from a dry spell that hit the country’s eastern regions at the start of this year.

Mudziwepasi knows one way to save his farm in Mambwere village: Start growing pearl millet, a drought-resistant grain that could fetch him more money than maize.

But he is not allowed. Even as persistently poor rains decimate Zimbabwe’s maize harvests, cultivating pearl millet has been effectively banned in many rural areas for generations because traditional local leaders consider the crop brings bad luck.

“Growing pearl millet in this area is a taboo,” Mudziwepasi said.

Agricultural experts and government officials agree that planting more drought-resistant small grains, like pearl millet, is essential for the country to adapt to climate change.

Villagers say the reasons for shunning pearl millet differ around the country, but most stem from long-held cultural beliefs.

Blessing Zimunya, a traditional leader in Mambwere village, said growing and eating pearl millet were prohibited there a “long, long time ago”, ever since a predecessor died after eating a meal containing the grain.

“Pearl millet will never be grown again in these areas. Never again,” Zimunya insisted.

He said that even when the community was given pearl millet under food aid programs, the villagers wouldn’t accept it.

“Just recently we rejected a consignment of pearl millet from the government,” Zimunya said.

While village elders recognize the need to find alternatives for local farmers struggling to grow thirsty crops like maize, groundnuts and melons, Zimunya said lifting the ban on pearl millet would anger their ancestral spirits.

“If you eat or grow millet in this area, you will suffer,” he said.

The consequences of breaking the taboo can lead to families losing their farms and homes.

Hilal Elver, the UN special rapporteur on the right to food, said in a statement last November that more than 60 percent of Zimbabwe’s population of about 14 million were food-insecure, meaning they do not have enough food to meet their basic needs.

In January, Zimbabwe’s agriculture minister said the country had only 100,000 tons of grain in its strategic reserves — enough to last just more than a month.

Price boost

To encourage more farmers to switch to small grains, in February the government increased the price at which it buys pearl millet, sorghum and finger millet from farmers.

The price paid for small grains went up from 4,000 Zimbabwe dollars ($11) per ton to 7,260 Zimbabwe dollars, about 300 Zimbabwe dollars more than the maize price, which also increased.

Aware of the pearl millet taboo, the government is also running programs to educate traditional leaders and others about the grain’s benefits, noted Elisha N. Moyo, principal climate change researcher for the environment ministry.

The push includes workshops, meetings with traditional leaders and agricultural extension officers, and field visits to farms where pearl millet is grown.

Mambwere farmer Ephary Mukwindidza said he could only hope the ban in his village would one day be relaxed to help struggling communities.

“I think the traditional leaders should now allow farmers in these areas to start growing pearl millet to save people from hunger,” he said.