Turtle warriors take up rescue mission
DALUAKANI, India — Since he was a boy, Soumyaranjan Biswal has kept a night vigil at the beach near his coastal Indian village where tens of thousands of tiny olive ridley turtles gather to lay their eggs.
Fishing communities in Odisha protect this threatened species from harm as they return each year to nest, a unique ritual for both turtles and their custodians that stretches back decades.
Olive ridley turtles navigate thousands of miles of open ocean to reach the eastern state, where they come ashore in numbers not seen anywhere else in the world.
It is familiar territory for the females, who hatched on these same sands many years ago.
“We have seen them coming to these beaches right from our childhood,” Biswal said on a moonlit night, as tiny white ocean crabs wriggled across his feet.
“The turtles are just like our friends now.”
The turtles arrive under the cover of darkness, trudging ashore to dig shallow pits with their flippers where they deposit dozens of eggs.
Their work done, they return to the ocean.
But their eggs are vulnerable to predators like dogs and vultures during the 50-odd day incubation period beneath the sand, and high tides can wash away an entire nest.
Fishermen along this stretch of east Indian coastline have been intervening to give the unborn turtles a shot at life.
Biswal, equipped with a flashlight and a bamboo pole, identifies nests at risk and carefully digs up the spongy eggs.
They are relocated to freshly dug hatcheries a safe distance away, ringed with fencing and marked with a flag — an ardu- ous process that can be repeated hundreds of times in a single nesting season.
There was a time when 2 million turtles would emerge from the sea at Odisha for the mass nesting phenomenon known as “arribada”, or arrival.
But their numbers have sharply declined, with environmental pressures, coastal development and overfishing meaning many do not survive the journey to their ancestral nesting ground.
Ultimately, conservation efforts have succeeded in Odisha in large part due to the special relationship between turtles and locals.
Bijaya Kumar Kavi is director of the local Action for Protection of Wild Animals, which has been helping women set up self-help groups where each member contributes 60 rupees (90 cents) a month.
“We teach them how each olive ridley lays around 100 eggs, but of more than 10 million eggs laid in an arribada, only around 0.2 percent survive,” he said.
“We also tell them how to handle eggs. If done the wrong way the embryo will drown in its own yolk.
“When the fishermen learn about these fascinating characteristics, their attitude changes and they become turtle-friendly.”