The Evolution of Burundi’s Royal Drum
from local woods and covered in cowhide, without electronic amplification, is always impressive.
Sounding the alarm
Nshimirimana emphasises the importance of Burundian youth maintaining a strong attachment to their cultural heritage. “I implore our young generations to value our practices, our traditions, and our peculiar culture,” he declared. He voiced his worry regarding the increasing adoption of external customs among the youth, cautioning that drifting away from Burundian traditions may erode the national identity. “If we discard our defining characteristics as Burundians and adopt foreign influences, we risk losing our core essence. It is essential to sustain our culture, particularly through the drum, to uphold our pride and sense of self.”
Additionally, Nshimirimana voiced concern regarding the improper utilisation of the royal drum outside of the country. He gave examples where the national flag on the principal drum has been substituted with the flag of a different country, which he deems unsuitable. “It’s a serious mistake to replace our national flag. The drum is a crucial part of Burundi’s heritage and ought to be respected and preserved in its entirety,” he said. While he acknowledged the significance of disseminating Burundian culture abroad, he emphasised that this should not be carried out in a way that modifies the authenticity of the drum.
He stressed the importance of maintaining the traditional dress of the drummers, known as “batimbo,” and ensuring that their performances truly reflect Burundian culture. These components are crucial in preserving Burundi’s cultural identity worldwide.
Burundi’s royal drum, an age-old emblem dating back to the 17th century, symbolises the significance and longevity of the monarchy in Burundian society. Previously, this musical tradition was pivotal to important occasions, including the coronation of kings and the funerals of esteemed figures. The drummers’ movements, representing bravery and valour, played a central role in these ceremonies.
As time passed, the function of the royal drum changed. Today, the beat of drumming enlivens important national festivals such as the Independence Day and other significant commemorations. Furthermore, the drum’s contents have expanded from conveying monarchical messages to encompassing political, social, and cultural themes. At present, the practice of drumming is regulated and it is no longer allowed to be freely incorporated into weddings or other ceremonies without prior authorisation.
On the 6 June 2017, a presidential decree designated a week devoted to the drum dance, referred to as “Umurisho w’ingoma.” This specific week is celebrated annually starting 26 November, under the banner of peace, reconciliation, and national unity. Throughout this period, drum festivals are held across Burundi to honour this ancient art and the skilful drummers who master it.
The decree highlights the significance of this week as a pivotal moment in Burundi’s cultural autonomy. For 2023, a fresh instalment of this celebration is slated to occur on 26 November, as per the details provided by the country’s cultural authority.