CJI (Traditional Chinese Medicine)

论三才、中和与中医学

- 宋欣阳,陈丽云,指导:严世芸

上海中医药大学,上海 201203摘要:“三才”与“中和”思想是中国传统文化的­重要组成部分,以其丰富的内涵持续影­响着中国古代科学,对中医学的发展产生了­极为深远的影响。“三才-中和-中医学”是一个复杂的关系体,本文着重探讨三者之间­的关系,提出“中和”与“天”“地”同构“三才”;“中和应人”折射着中医学整体观,是对中医学独特的天人­相应理论体系进一步丰­富;“中和应气”对中医精气神学说具有­重要的影响,并辅以图表以便阐述。关键词:三才;中和;中医DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.08.005中图分类号:R2-05 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2017)08-0018-04

Discussion on “Sancai”, “Zhonghe” and TCM SONG Xin-yang, CHEN Li-yun, Instructor: YAN Shi-yun (Shanghai University of Traditiona­l Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China)

Abstract: “Sancai” and “Zhonghe” are important parts of Chinese traditiona­l culture. Their enriched connotatio­n continues to influence Chinese ancient science and the developmen­t of TCM. “Sancai-Zhonghe-TCM” is a complex relationsh­ip, and this article focused on the relationsh­ip among the three. This article pointed out that the “Zhonghe” and “Sky” and “Earth” form “Sancai”; “Zhonghe and human correspond­ing” reflects the overall concept of TCM, and is further enrichment of the unique theoretica­l system of TCM between man and universe correspond­ence. “Zhonghe and qi correspond­ing” has an important influence on the TCM essence, qi and spirit theory, supplement­ed by charts to describe. Key words: “Sancai”; “Zhonghe”; TCM

“三才”与“中和”源于中华传统文化,具有丰富内涵,是中国重要的哲学思想,持续影响着中国古代科­学的发展。同样,“三才”与“中和”对中医学的形成和发展­产生了深远影响。这种影响并非一对一,而是相互作用。兹通过对“三才-中和-中医学”的分析,探讨其相互关系及对中­医学理论的影响。

1 “三才”释义

“三才者,天、地、人”。《三字经》短短6 个字即阐释了“三才”的基本构成。《易传•系辞下》做了

基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点­项目(12AZD015)

通讯作者:严世芸,E-mail:yansy514@126.com 进一步解释:“有天道焉,有人道焉,有地道焉。兼三才而两之,故六。六者非它也,三才之道也。”《易经》八卦由3个爻相叠组成,具有三才之象,其基本元素是阴阳,分别由阳爻“—”和阴爻“--”符号代表,“天道”对应阴阳,“人道”对应仁义,“地道”对应刚柔,乾“☰”、坤“☷”、震“☳”、巽“☴”、坎“☵”、离“☲”、艮“☶”、兑“☱”。可见,八卦的每一个卦都有三­爻,上爻象天,中爻象人,下爻象地,呈现天、地、人的“三才”构架。八卦两两相合,又成六十四卦。从“卦位”看,每卦六爻,上两爻象天,下两爻象地,中两爻象人,再次呈现天、地、人三才的架构,是谓“六爻兼三才而两之”。见图1。

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