CJI (Traditional Chinese Medicine)
论三才、中和与中医学
上海中医药大学,上海 201203摘要:“三才”与“中和”思想是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,以其丰富的内涵持续影响着中国古代科学,对中医学的发展产生了极为深远的影响。“三才-中和-中医学”是一个复杂的关系体,本文着重探讨三者之间的关系,提出“中和”与“天”“地”同构“三才”;“中和应人”折射着中医学整体观,是对中医学独特的天人相应理论体系进一步丰富;“中和应气”对中医精气神学说具有重要的影响,并辅以图表以便阐述。关键词:三才;中和;中医DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.08.005中图分类号:R2-05 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2017)08-0018-04
Discussion on “Sancai”, “Zhonghe” and TCM SONG Xin-yang, CHEN Li-yun, Instructor: YAN Shi-yun (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China)
Abstract: “Sancai” and “Zhonghe” are important parts of Chinese traditional culture. Their enriched connotation continues to influence Chinese ancient science and the development of TCM. “Sancai-Zhonghe-TCM” is a complex relationship, and this article focused on the relationship among the three. This article pointed out that the “Zhonghe” and “Sky” and “Earth” form “Sancai”; “Zhonghe and human corresponding” reflects the overall concept of TCM, and is further enrichment of the unique theoretical system of TCM between man and universe correspondence. “Zhonghe and qi corresponding” has an important influence on the TCM essence, qi and spirit theory, supplemented by charts to describe. Key words: “Sancai”; “Zhonghe”; TCM
“三才”与“中和”源于中华传统文化,具有丰富内涵,是中国重要的哲学思想,持续影响着中国古代科学的发展。同样,“三才”与“中和”对中医学的形成和发展产生了深远影响。这种影响并非一对一,而是相互作用。兹通过对“三才-中和-中医学”的分析,探讨其相互关系及对中医学理论的影响。
1 “三才”释义
“三才者,天、地、人”。《三字经》短短6 个字即阐释了“三才”的基本构成。《易传•系辞下》做了
基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD015)
通讯作者:严世芸,E-mail:yansy514@126.com 进一步解释:“有天道焉,有人道焉,有地道焉。兼三才而两之,故六。六者非它也,三才之道也。”《易经》八卦由3个爻相叠组成,具有三才之象,其基本元素是阴阳,分别由阳爻“—”和阴爻“--”符号代表,“天道”对应阴阳,“人道”对应仁义,“地道”对应刚柔,乾“☰”、坤“☷”、震“☳”、巽“☴”、坎“☵”、离“☲”、艮“☶”、兑“☱”。可见,八卦的每一个卦都有三爻,上爻象天,中爻象人,下爻象地,呈现天、地、人的“三才”构架。八卦两两相合,又成六十四卦。从“卦位”看,每卦六爻,上两爻象天,下两爻象地,中两爻象人,再次呈现天、地、人三才的架构,是谓“六爻兼三才而两之”。见图1。