CJI (Traditional Chinese Medicine)
基于“天人相应”时间医学理论防治儿科疾病研究进展
徐万超,薛征
上海中医药大学附属市中医医院,上海 200071
摘要:“天人相应”理论是中医时间医学理论的核心,在中国古代哲学思想中占有重要地位。该理论认为,辨明节律是治疗基础,顺应自然是治疗核心,借助消长是治疗方法。本文结合小儿生理、病理特点,对近年中医时间医学防治儿科疾病的研究进展进行综述,为临床提供参考。关键词:天人相应;中医;时间医学;儿科疾病;综述
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.08.030
中图分类号:R242;R272 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2017)08-0121-04
Research Progress in Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases Based on TCM Theory of “Correspondence between Man and Nature” in Chronomedicine
XU Wan-chao, XUE Zheng (Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China)
Abstract: “Correspondence between man and nature” theory is the core of TCM chronomedicine, and also plays an important role in ancient Chinese philosophy. The theory believes that distinguishing the rhythm is the foundation of treatment; complying with nature is the core of treatment; taking advantage of wane and wax is the method of treatment. This article combined the physiological and pathological characteristics of children to review the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases based on chronomedicine, with a purpose to provide inspirations for clinical treatment.
Key words: correspondence between man and nature; TCM; chronomedicine; pediatric disease; review
“天人相应”理论在中国古代哲学思想中具有重要地位,其内涵是指天地自然与人息息相通,人能参
合自然的变化而与之相适应[1]。时间医学是研究时间和生物现象之间关系的学科,其核心在于探寻人体生
理、病理的节律性[2]。中医时间医学是在“天人相应”理论基础上,结合对人生理、病理的变化特点而产生
的一种治疗学[3]。笔者对近年来关于中医“天人相应”时间医学理论治疗儿科疾病的相关文献进行梳理和整合,旨在为治疗儿科疾病提供新的思路。
1 “天人相应”理论形成及其与儿科疾病的关系1.1 “天人相应”理论基础中医学“天人相应”理论源于《易经》,综合了
儒家、道家等思想的启示,《内经》借用和发挥了该理论,将其纳入中医理论体系并指导临床实践[4]。如“人以天地之气生,四时之法成”(《素问•宝命全形论篇》);“心者,生之本,神之变也……为阳中之太阳,通于夏气。肺者,气之本,魄之处也……为阳中之太阴,通于秋气。肾者,主蛰,封藏之本,精之处也……为阴中之少阴,通于冬气”(《素问•六节藏象论篇》),阐述了人生于自然,人的生命活动与自然界的“时”是相互关联与对应的关系。在疾病治疗方面,《内经》将疾病阴阳消长的节律概括为“夫百病者,多以旦慧,昼安,夕加,夜甚”(《灵枢•顺气一日分为四时》),说明一天之中疾病轻重会随着自身阴阳的变化而变化。《伤寒论》中也有类似论述:“太阳病欲解时,从巳至未上”(《伤寒论•辨太阳病脉证并治上》),提示了疾病转归所包含的时间因素。
1.2 “天人相应”理论与小儿生理,病理特点
小儿生理特点体现在“纯阳”、稚阴稚阳,即将