CJI (Traditional Chinese Medicine)
我国款冬生态适宜性研究
徐小琼1，卢雪1，石欣怡1，郑海霞1，古常军 2，3
1.甘肃医学院，甘肃 平凉 744000；2.甘肃中医药大学，甘肃 兰州 730000；
3.平凉市第二人民医院，甘肃 平凉 744000
摘要：目的 对款冬的生态适宜性进行评价，为款冬合理引种栽培提供参考。方法 通过第四次全国中药资源普查，收集野生款冬166批，记录采样点的经纬度、海拔等地理信息，结合55个生态因子数据，利用最大熵模型和地理信息系统软件的空间分析功能进行分析。结果 11月份降水量、3月份降水量、土壤类型、6月份降水量、植被类型及土壤质地分类是影响款冬生长的主要生态因子。款冬适宜分布区主要集中在我国中部及南部地区，包括云南西北部、湖北边缘地区、陕西南部、甘肃南部、河北南部、山东中部和东部、河南北部、安徽中部、江苏西部、江西北部、湖南东部和北部、广西西部和南部及广东西南部。结论 本研究结果与款冬实际生长环境基本吻合，可为款冬引种栽培提供理论依据。关键词：款冬；生态适宜性；最大熵模型；地理信息系统；生态因子中图分类号：R282.5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1005-5304(2023)10-0001-05 DOI：10.19879/j.cnki.1005-5304.202301097 开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：
Study on Ecological Suitability of Tussilago farfara L. in China XU Xiaoqiong1, LU Xue1, SHI Xinyi1, ZHENG Haixia1, GU Changjun2,3 1. Gansu Medical College, Pingliang 744000, China; 2. Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000,
China; 3. Pingliang Second People’s Hospital, Pingliang 744000, China
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the ecological suitability distribution of Tussilago farfara L.; To provide reference for the reasonable introduction and cultivation of Tussilago farfara L. Methods Through the fourth national survey of TCM resources, 166 batches of wild Tussilago farfara L. were collected, and longitude, latitude and altitude of sampling points were recorded. Combined with the data of 55 ecological factors, the MaxEnt model and GIS software were used for the analysis. Results Precipitation in November, precipitation in March, soil type, precipitation in June, vegetation type and soil texture classification were the main ecological factors affecting the growth of Tussilago farfara L. The suitable distribution areas of Tussilago farfara L. were mainly concentrated in central and southern China, including northwestern Yunnan, marginal areas of Hubei, southern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, southern Hebei, central and eastern Shandong, northern Henan, central Anhui, western Jiangsu, northern Jiangxi, eastern and northern Hunan, western and southern Guangxi, and southwestern Guangdong. Conclusion The results of this study are basically consistent with the actual growth environment of Tussilago farfara L., which can provide theoretical basis for the introduction and cultivation of Tussilago farfara L.
Keywords: Tussilago farfara L.; ecological suitability; MaxEnt model; GIS; ecological factors款冬花是菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾，味辛、性温，归肺经，具有润肺下气、止咳化
痰功效，常用于新久咳嗽，喘咳痰多，劳嗽咳血[1]。款
基金项目：甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金（2022QB-197）；甘肃医学院校级项目（GY-2022ZK008）通讯作者：古常军，E-mail：775296879@qq.com
冬在我国主要分布于东北、华北、华东、西北地区，
生长于山谷湿地或林下[2-3]。款冬花化学成分主要有黄酮类、萜类及生物碱类[4-5]，具有祛痰、镇咳、抗炎及抑制溃疡等作用[6-8]。最大熵（MaxEnt）模型可以较为准确地预测不同物种适宜的生态区域[9-13]，地理信息系