《古今医鉴》学术思想研究

杨威，屈伸，于峥，杜松*

中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所，北京 100700

摘要：《古今医鉴》为一部切合实用的明代综合性医著，龚信纂集，龚廷贤续编，王肯堂校补。本书汇集诸家之论，博采众长，总论脉法、病机、药性、运气，分论内、外、妇、儿各科百余种病症，具较高临床参考价值。《古今医鉴》重视脉法、运气，提倡辨病以六脉、八要为纲，调治情志以诸气为法，外治杂病推崇熏法。龚氏父子推崇明医，批判庸医，对现今具有很好的借鉴意义。

关键词：《古今医鉴》；龚信；六气四因；调气开郁；外治熏法；推崇明医

中图分类号： R-092 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 2095-5707(2016)05-0057-05

Study on Academic Thoughts of Gu Jin Yi Jian

YANG Wei, Qu Shen, YU Zheng, Du Song*

(Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China)

Abstract: Gu Jin Yi Jian is a comprehensive and practical medical book in the Ming Dynasty. It is compiled by GONG Xin, compiled by GONG Ting-xian, and corrected and complemented by WANG Ken-tang. This book collects all the theories, learns widely from others' representative points. Pulse methods, pathology, medicine properties, and five movements and six climates are discussed in the book. It also includes hundreds of diseases and symptoms of internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics with high clinical reference value. This book pays attention to pulse methods and five movements and six climates, advocates to take the six pulses and eight key points as the outline of disease differentiation. On the aspect of regulating the emotion, the method of regulating Qi is most often used. While fumigation method is advocated to apply in the external treatment. Gong's father and son respected the physicians in the Ming Dynasty, criticized the quacks, which has a very good reference significance to the present.

Key words: Gu Jin Yi Jian; GONG Xin; six qi and four factors; regulating qi and relieving depression; external treatment and fumigation; respect the physicians in the Ming Dynasty

《古今医鉴》为明代医家龚信的代表作，其子龚廷贤续编，又经王肯堂校补。该书汇集上自《黄帝内经》，下至元明诸家之论，博采众长，分门别类。首列脉诀、病机、药性、运气总论，其次分论

各科诸门，每门又列若干证，涉内、外、妇、儿、杂科病种百余种。其中部分内容以歌诀或韵文概括，便于诵读记忆。本书是一部切合实用的综合性医著，具有较高临床参考价值。笔者对其学术思想进行分析，为临床工作者提供参考。

1 概况

1.1 刊刻情况

《古今医鉴》初刊于明代万历四年（ 1576 年），龚信纂集，原作 8 卷，初刊本已佚。其子龚廷贤续编，刊于万历十七年（ 1589 年）。后经王肯堂校补，改为 16 卷刊刻传播。《古今医鉴》存世可见明万历