'Arrows for Amazon invaders'

Brazil’s Waiapi tribe defends its territory amid new mining takeover threats

They appear silently, seemingly from nowhere: a dozen figures, naked except for bright red loincloths, blocking the dirt road.

These are the Waiapi, an ancient tribe living in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest. But now, they fear invasion by international mining companies.

Leading AFP reporters to a tiny settlement of palm-thatched huts hidden in foliage, the tribesmen, streaked in red and black dye, vow to defend their territory. They brandish two-meter bows and arrows to reinforce ownership over their enclave.

“We’ll keep fighting,” says Tapayona Waiapi, 36, in a settlement called Pinoty. “When the companies come, we’ll keep resisting. If the Brazilian government sends soldiers to kill people, we’ll keep resisting until the last of us is dead.”

The Waiapi indigenous reserve is in pristine rainforest condition and sits near the eastern end of the Amazon River. It is part of a much larger conservation zone called Renca, covering an area the size of Switzerland.

Surrounded by rivers and towering trees, the tribe operates almost entirely according to its own laws, with a way of life at times closer to the Stone Age than the 21st century.

Yet modern Brazil is barely a few hours’ drive away.

And now, the center-right government is pushing to open Renca to international mining companies who covet the rich deposits of gold and other metals hidden under the sea of green.

In August, President Michel Temer abruptly ended mining restrictions in swaths of Renca, sparking an outcry from environmentalists and celebrity climate campaigners like Leonardo DiCaprio.

Although Temer backtracked in September, the Waiapi, who were nearly wiped out by disease after being discovered by outsiders in the 1970s, remain terrified.

The rainforest, says 35-year-old Moi Waiapi, another inhabitant of Pinoty, “is the foundation for our survival.”

The road

The dirt road is the only route into Waiapi territory. Pinoty, where a few dozen people sleep in hammocks under roofs with open sides, is the first village you see - the frontier.

Getting here requires several layers of authorization, then a bumpy two-hour drive from the small town of Pedra Branca. The Amapa state capital Macapa, one of the most remote in Brazil, is several hours further.

By the time you reach Pinoty and a government sign reading “Protected Land,” you are already well beyond cellphone reception, the electric grid, the last gas station and many Brazilian laws.

But despite all the remoteness, the Waiapi have scant protection against the powerful forces that for decades have pushed industries and agribusinesses deeper and deeper into the Amazon in a bid to make Brazil a commodities exporting superpower.

The road itself is a monument to those ambitions.

Known as the ‘‘Northern Perimetral’’, the road, officially highway 210, was started under the 1964-85 military dictatorship with the aim of linking Brazil to Venezuela.

When funding collapsed, the road was abandoned in the 1970s, literally stopping dead in the deep jungle, more than 1,100 kilometers from its intended finishing point.

But even unfinished, the pharaonic project retains an ominous presence. Barely a car a day passes, yet the road to nowhere, slicing a broad red scar through the lush tree-covered hills, has remarkably been well maintained.

Calibi Waiapi, another tribal villager, suspects that the government hopes one day to resurrect that old dream of a thoroughfare through the wilderness. Wearing a circular headdress made of parrot feathers, Calibi frowns at the thought.

“There’d be cars, trucks, violence, drugs, robberies. The culture would change. The young would want the cellphones, the clothes, the computers,” the 57-year-old says as he imagines urban Brazilians pouring down the road.

“If a lot of white men came, it would be the end.”

‘Our new weapon’

Hotter heads threaten a violent response to any attempt at encroachment.

“If Temer comes here, anywhere near me, this is what he’ll get,” says Tapayona Waiapi, brandishing one of his long arrows, tipped in a lethally sharp sliver of wood.

Although the Waiapi have had shotguns for hunting since first contact with the government in the 1970s, they still also use arrows, which are poisoned.

“These are our weapons so that we are not dependent on non-Indian weapons,” said Aka’upotye Waiapi, 43, in Manilha village as he carved a new bow.

But the show of force by the tribesmen, one of whom swung a club in the shape of a wooden ax, was mostly bravado.

There are only about 1,200 Waiapi scattered across a few villages, easily reached by foot or river: they can barely monitor, let alone protect their territory. Just this May, an illegal mine was discovered and shut down a mile south of Pinoty.

Jawaruwa Waiapi, 31, says that fighting or even fleeing into the forest will no longer work.

Last year, he was elected to the municipal council in Pedra Branca, the first member of his tribe to hold a Brazilian political post. He says peaceful persuasion is the only viable solution now.

“We have another road, another strategy, which is to participate in political life,” he said.

“Today, we don’t have to fight with arrows or clubs. We have to fight through knowledge, through politics .... This is our new weapon.”