By-elections loom as top Australia court prepares to rule on citizenship test case

Australia faces a series of by-elections that could topple the government, which trails in opinion polls and has lost its slender majority, in a bizarre citizenship crisis that has engulfed both sides of parliament.

Senator Katy Gallagher and lowerhouse member David Feeney, both from the opposition Labor party, were referred to the High Court on Wednesday to determine whether they hold British, as well as Australian, citizenship.

Neither is a member of the government, but the outcome of Gallagher’s case in particular, which rests on whether she made “reasonable steps” to renounce her British citizenship, will set a precedent that could later unseat government members.

Dual citizens are ineligible for elected office under Australia’s 116-year-old constitution. In a nation in which half the population were either born overseas or have parents who were, the rule has disqualified nine lawmakers and left Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s LiberalNational coalition clinging to a minority government.

Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce briefly lost his seat when it was found he also held New Zealand citizenship. But he won it back in a by-election last weekend. A by-election in former tennis star John Alexander’s theoretically safe Sydney seat on December 19 will determine whether the government regains its oneseat majority.

However, a victory may not be lasting, since the citizenship status of another four lower-house government lawmakers was called into question after a deadline for politicians to disclose the birthplace of their parents and grandparents passed on Tuesday.

“There are many inadequate disclosures that ask more questions than provide answers,” Labor leader Bill Shorten told reporters in Canberra.

The government, behind in opinion polls and keen to avoid by-elections, voted down a Labor proposal to refer those lawmakers’ cases to the High Court and said it would not revisit the matter until after the Gallagher case was heard.

Gallagher filed paperwork, and paid processing fees, to renounce her British citizenship more than two months before being elected in July 2016.