Clash of the political titans
Malaysia awaits gripping election as arch-rivals race to bag votes
Malaysia’s general election this week will be an extraordinary contest, pitting a 92-yearold former authoritarian leader and a jailed reformist he fell out with 20 years ago against a prime minister who has been mired in a multi-billiondollar scandal.
Few doubt that Prime Minister Najib Razak’s Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, which has ruled Malaysia for the six decades since its independence, will triumph in Wednesday’s poll.
But a robust challenge from the opposition – spearheaded by nonagenarian Mahathir Mohamad, the country’s longest-serving prime minister, and his one-time protégé Anwar Ibrahim – has produced the most hotly contested election yet.
“Momentum is with the opposition, but we believe it is unlikely that they will pull off a surprise victory,” said the Eurasia Group consultancy, which put the odds of a win for Mahathir’s Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Hope) at 15 percent.
However, the political risk group’s Asia director, Peter Mumford, said there is a danger for the ruling coalition that it will fare worse than the 2013 election, when for the first time it lost the popular vote but still won with 133 of parliament’s 222 seats.
Under Malaysia’s simple majority system, the party that gets the most seats in parliament wins even if it does not secure the popular vote.
An unconvincing victory would leave Najib, 64, with reduced political clout and he could face pressure from within his party to stand aside ahead of the next election, Mumford said.
That would be a blow for Najib, who has survived an uproar surrounding 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), a state fund that racked up heavy debt after he took power in 2009.
The prime minister has consistently denied any wrongdoing over the billions of dollars that were allegedly siphoned off from the state fund and he has been cleared of all offences by Malaysia’s attorney general.
Friends and foes
Under Najib, a skyscraper called The Exchange 106 has come under construction in Kuala Lumpur and will replace Mahathir’s pet project, the iconic Petronas Twin Towers, as the tallest building on the capital’s skyline.
The two buildings are testimony to Malaysia’s transformation from a rural backwater to an industrial nation, but they are also emblems of the bitter rivalry between the two leaders.
Mahathir, who ruled with an iron fist for 22 years, was once Najib’s mentor but turned against him over the 1MDB affair and quit the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) party, which represents the country’s Malay majority.
Then, in an even more unlikely change of heart, Mahathir last year buried a feud with Anwar, 70, and the two agreed to join forces to oust Najib.
Mahathir sacked Anwar as his deputy prime minister in 1998. Anwar then started a movement known as “Reformasi’ – “reform” in English – to end UMNO’s race and patronagebased governance, but he was stopped in his tracks by charges of sodomy and graft, which he denied, but for which he was jailed.
Anwar was imprisoned again in 2015, when Najib was prime minister, after another sodomy charge, which he described as a politically motivated attempt to end his career.
Mahathir has promised to seek a royal pardon for Anwar if they win the election and, once Anwar is free, to step aside and let his protégé-turned-foe-turned-ally become prime minister.
Reformasi supporters have been dismayed by Anwar’s reconciliation with the very man who tried to block their movement, but Anwar’s daughter, lawmaker Nurul Izzah, says the opportunity to defeat Najib’s coalition is what matters most.
“It took us many years to get to this point, and if you’re not smart or wise enough to join all these forces together, we might lose the chance at wresting power from BN,” she told Reuters recently.
Tight race
The opposition alliance, which counts on urban votes and support from the ethnic Chinese and Indian communities, is hoping Mahathir will draw in rural Malay voters who have long been loyal supporters of BN but are now disillusioned by increased costs of living.
A survey released by pollster Merdeka Center last week showed the opposition making gains, but not enough to land a majority of parliament’s seats.
It saw Mahathir’s alliance winning 43.7 percent of the popular vote in peninsular Malaysia and BN 40.3 percent. The poll did not cover the Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak, which have historically been pro-BN, although there have been recent signs of a swing away from the government in Sabah.
The opposition has complained that a revision of electoral boundaries in March tilted the election in BN’s favor by moving large numbers of opposition-leaning voters into fewer parliamentary constituencies.
The country’s Election Commission insists its electoral map changes did not favor the ruling coalition, and the government says there was no political interference in the exercise.
Thomas Pepinsky, a Southeast Asia political expert at New York’s Cornell University, said that despite the unusual spectacle of a tight election in Malaysia, the outcome is in little doubt.
“The strength of the incumbent regime must not be underestimated,” he said. “It retains the legal, infrastructural and material resources that it has always used to prevail in Malaysia’s controlled elections.” Reuters