高密度城区微绿地设计探讨
——以上海城隍庙片区微绿地为例
Pocket Park Design in High-density Urban Areas ：a Case Study of Pocket Park Design in Shanghai Chenghuangmiao District
摘要 微绿地如同大量“肺泡”，以散点的方式分布于高密度城区，为高密度空间提供大量“自由呼吸”的渗透表面，提高城区绿地空间承载力的同时也完善了城市公园体系。微绿地对恢复并再生城市中心活力具有关键作用，必将成为未来高密度城市中心绿地发展的主导方向。文章提出微绿地在我国高密度城区发展的迫切性，以海绵城市、景观生态学等理论为基础，梳理国内外微绿地设计的成功经验、方法和技术，提炼出以点带面、人性体验和文化载体的设计原则，并以上海城隍庙片区微绿地设计为实践案例，进行从理论到实践的系统化研究。上海城隍庙片区微绿地设计中，通过实地考察和调研明确场地条件和服务对象，结合上海老城厢文化确定“庇护伞”的设计主题，从而展开集约型微绿地设计构架。方案引入立体绿化、雨水花园和太阳能光伏发电等生态技术，设计一系列生态伞和生态廊架以提高景观的生态性和实用性，为身处高密度城区的居民提供一个绿色节能的生态庇护所，并为未来微绿地发展提供参考。
关键词 高密度城区；微绿地；生态设计；城隍庙片区；上海市abstract Pocket parks are widely dispersed in high-density urban areas like alveoli in lungs, providing plenty of "free-breathing" porous surfaces for high-density spaces. They enhanced the bearing capacity of urban green spaces, thus improved the urban park system. Pocket parks played a key role in urban rejuvenation, which will be a dominant direction for green space development in future high-density urban centers. This article showed the urgency of the development of pocket parks in high-density urban areas in China. Based on Sponge City, Landscape Ecology, and other theories, this article analyzed the experiences, methods, and techniques of both domestic and foreign successful design cases of pocket parks, proposed design principles of using key nodes to guide the whole area, enhancing human experiences, and creating culture carriers. This article also conducted systematic studies in both theory and practice by using pocket park design of Shanghai Town God's Temple (Chenghuangmiao) district as an example. In the design of Shanghai Chenghuangmiao district pocket parks, the designer identified the site conditions and target users through site investigation. Combining the old town culture of Shanghai, the design determined using "umbrella" as the theme, and unfolded its design structure of compact pocket parks. The design incorporated ecological technologies such as vertical planting, storm water garden, and solar cells. The design also enhanced the ecological quality and usability through a series of ecological umbrellas and corridors, which will provide a green, energy-saving and ecological shelter to the local residents. The design could be used as a reference in future pocket park development.
KeY Words high density urban area; the pocket park; ecological design; Chenghuangmiao; Shanghai
*国家科技部“十二五”科技支撑计划课题：宜居社区规划关键技术研究，课题编号：2013BAJ10。
中图分类号 TU201.5文献标识码 A
DOI 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2017.02.029 文章编号 1000-0232（2017）02-0029-05
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作者简介 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院、高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室，教授；电子邮箱：
2 3 wyc1967@tongji.edu.cn ； 西安交通大学人文学院，副教授；同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，博士研究生； 西安交通大学人文学院，硕士研究生