历史街巷集体记忆的空间分布特征研究
——以广州文德路和北京路为例
Research on the Spatial Characteristics of Collective Memory on Historical Streets: Wende Road and Beijing Road in Guangzhou
摘要 伴随全球化经济及我国城市化进程的加剧，城市中拥有历史风貌及地方特色的街巷空间逐渐出现集体记忆缺失的情况。为探究其中的环境原因和寻求相应的解决方法，以广州文德路和北京路步行街为研究对象，结合认知地图法、现场访谈、GIS数据统计等方法，分析两历史街巷市民记忆的空间分布特征与规律，并探讨这些特征与历史文化节点的空间格局以及街道商业发展状况的相互关系。在此分析基础上，研究检视广州历史街巷空间发展存在的问题，并为实现传统街巷的文化风貌保护及功能更新，发挥历史文化街区维护和构建城市记忆的功能提供参考与借鉴。分析表明，文德路和北京路历史文化要素存在场所感欠缺、空间连接性不佳的情况，整体记忆强度都偏低；另外，两者的商业发展状况都不利于发挥历史文化节点构建市民集体记忆的正面作用。
关键词 历史街巷；集体记忆；空间格局；商业发展状况；文德路和北京路
AbstrAct Collective memory of historical streets with unique local characteristics has gradually disappeared in the process of globalization and rapid urbanization in China. This paper therefore takes Wende Road and Beijing Road Pedestrianized Street of Guangzhou as cases to clarify related environmental causes and explore corresponding solutions. Through utilizing the methods of site interview, cognitive map and GIS data analytical tool, we firstly analyze the spatial characteristics of collective memory of the two historic streets; and then explore their relationship with the spatial pattern of historical-cultural elements and their commercial development mode. On the basis of the above analysis, we identify problems existing in the development of those historical streets, and contribute to the preservation and renewal of historical streets in terms of their role in constructing collective memory. The results show that the spatial pattern and connectivity of the historical and cultural nodes and landmarks are not ideal, and the overall intensity of collective memory is low. Also, the commercial development pattern on both streets has negative effects on the construction of collective memories.
Key Words historical streets; collective memory; spatial pattern; commercial development mode; Wende Road and Beijing Road
*国家自然科学基金重点资助项目：基于可持续性的大型公共建筑决策与设计研究，项目编号：51138004；华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室开放课题项目：文化多样性视角下的后殖民城市公共空间形态研究，项目编号： 2016ZB17；《广州大典》与广州历史文化研究资助项目：广州中心城区街道空间形态与社会生活模式的演变与发展研究，项目编号：2015GZY25。
中图分类号 TU984.114 文献标识码 A
DOI 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2017.05.061 文章编号 1000-0232(2017)05-0061-07
作者简介 华南理工大学建筑学院、亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室，副教授，电子邮箱：arlingxh@scut.edu.cn