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Pregnancy lowers a woman’s lifetime number of menstrual cycles. Breast tissue is exposed to more estrogen for longer periods of time in women who become pregnant for the first time after age 35 or who never become pregnant.

Taking hormone therapy for symptoms of menopause

Radiation therapy to the breast or chest - Radiation therapy to the chest for the treatment of cancer increases the risk of breast cancer, starting 10 years after treatment.

Obesity - Obesity increases the risk of breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women who have not used hormone replacement therapy.

Drinking alcohol - Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

A lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the underarm area.

A change in the size or shape of the breast. A dimple or puckering in the skin of the breast. A nipple turned inward into the breast.

Fluid, other than breast milk, from the nipple, especially if it is bloody.

Scaly, red, or swollen skin on the breast, nipple, or areola

Dimples in the breast that look like the skin of an orange.

DIAGNOSIS

Physical exam and health history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.

Clinical breast exam: An exam of the breast by a doctor or other health professional. The doctor will carefully feel the breasts and under the arms for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.

Mammogram: An X-ray of the breast. Ultrasound exam

Magnetic resonance imaging

Blood chemistry studies

Biopsy: The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer.

TREATMENT

Early-stage localised breast cancer - Women with stage I and II breast cancers are treated similarly, with minor exceptions. Two surgical options are available for treating localised breast cancer; mastectomy (removal of the breast) and breast conserving surgery (removal of the cancerous tissue, called lumpectomy). Radiation therapy to the chest wall and surrounding lymph node areas may also be recommended for patients who have had a mastectomy. Factors such as positive lymph nodes, large tumours, and positive margins play into the decision. Adjuvant therapy

Chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy.

MBABANE – They are unstoppable.

Zim Zim continued their winning ways at the expense of Street Cred. The former beat the latter with a score of 49-41 to jump to the top spot of the University of Eswatini Basketball League.

According the last updated log standings, Zim Zim are leading with 15 points while UNESWAAlumni are second with 13 points. Alumni beat UNESWA Hawks to also close in on rivals Zim Zim.

Coming third is Manzini Superstars with 11 points while Street Cred are fourth with seven. UNESWA are last with five points. In the ladies category, Amazons managed to beat Lady Jazz 27-23. The league is played every Thursday and Friday.

Street Cred UNESWA Alumni Amazons

RESULTS

41-49 80-18 27- 23

Zim Zim UNESWA Hawks Lady Jazz