Eurozone finance ministers agree on bailout fund reform

The long-awaited reforms come against the backdrop of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main aim is to ease access to credit lines for member states during times of financial and economic crisis.

Eurozone finance ministers on Monday agreed to move forward with a long-awaited overhaul of their European Stability Mechanism (ESM) bailout fund, giving it a bigger role in crisis prevention and strengthening the single currency area in the face of the coronavirus pandemic.

"Since the onset of the pandemic, our group has shown our determination to tackle the economic challenges head-on," said Eurogroup president Paschal Donohoe shortly after the deal was struck.

Ministers from the 19 countries that share the euro currency gave the green light for the ratification of the deal, almost a year since their agreement "in principle" to widen the responsibilities of the ESM.

"The ESM reform strengthens the euro and the entire European banking sector because we are making the eurozone even more robust against attacks by speculators," said German Finance Minister Olaf Scholz.

"With this, we are making Europe's banks more crisis-proof and supporting the real economy," he added.

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What are the changes?

The ESM was set up to bail out eurozone countries under extreme financial difficulty or that require the recapitalization of banks and have been locked out of the bonds market. The bailout came with strict reform commitments.

The changes agreed on Monday should ease access to lending with precautionary credit lines from the ESM, and also allow that institution to serve as a financial safety net for the Single Resolution Fund (SRF), which helps ailing banks.

The new measures will also reduce the risk of investors holding out for a better deal in a sovereign debt restructuring and give the bailout fund room to mediate between the sovereign and investors.

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They will also allow the ESM to lend to the eurozone's bank resolution fund to wind down failing banks if, in a banking crisis, the fund runs out of its own money.

North-South divide

Initially, progress on the ESM reform had been slow due to the disagreements between the fiscally conservative northern countries, and the southern states which were worst hit by the COVID-19 crisis.

The ESM is seen as politically toxic in Italy where the main ruling party, the populist Five Star Movement (M5S), considers it to be a tool through which the European Union can impose austerity measures.

However, Italian Finance Minister Roberto Gualtieri indicated that Rome was satisfied with the deal.

Eurozone governments are expected to sign the ESM treaty changes in January. The amended treaty will enter into force in 2022.