Dogecoin: The world's most valuable joke

The cryptocurrency has outperformed all others over the past year and is now valued at $70 billion. Based on a meme, it has ironically shown itself to be rather sensitive to jokes, as revealed in a recent Elon Musk gag.

It took just one joke to send the value of Dogecoin, one of the world's most popular cryptocurrencies, crashing down 30%.

The cryptocurrency, which itself began as a social media joke eight years ago, lost more than a third of its price after Elon Musk, one of the world's richest men and Dogecoin's most prominent supporter, called the digital currency a "hustle" during his appearance on the Saturday Night Live comedy sketch TV show this past weekend.

The sharp fall was an anticlimax to a weekslong buildup by Dogecoin enthusiasts in the runup to Musk's appearance as a guest host on the popular show. Dogecoin's price had climbed to a record high before the show aired, as fans organized watch parties in anticipation of a major boost for the cryptocurrency following Musk's appearance.

"Musk is probably happy to jump on the joke of what is a meme(coin), but investors are probably feeling real pain now," said Justin d'Anethan, Hong Kong-based head of exchange sales at Diginex, a digital asset exchange.

"The supply is essentially unlimited [for Dogecoin], and so unsustainable long-term. It's a question of who will sell first and who will be left holding the bags."

Interest in cryptocurrencies has surged over the past year, pushing the value of all digital coins past $2.3 trillion (€1.9 trillion), propped up by trillions of dollars in stimulus by governments and central banks and endorsement from some institutional investors.

While Bitcoin, the most valued cryptocurrency by some distance, has hogged much of the limelight and seen record rallies, it's the so-called altcoins such as Ethereum and Dogecoin that have taken charge in recent days.

What's behind Dogecoin's surging popularity?

There is no easy explanation behind the rising prices of Dogecoin, which was created as a joke riffing on the 2013 cryptocurrency frenzy with the Shiba Inu dog breed as its logo. A deluge of cash thanks to government stimulus plans, speculation coupled with a fear of missing out, a dogged endorsement from Musk and some pure online fun thanks to social media's fondness for the Doge meme are some reasons behind Dogecoin's dream run that has seen the currency surge more than 20,000% in the past year.

"Dogecoin mania started with primarily retail traders who came from social media platforms. The retail trading community seemed convinced Dogecoin was

going to 1 dollar and for many, fundamentals did not matter," Edward Moya, senior market analyst at Oanda, told DW. "Celebrity endorsements from Elon Musk and Mark Cuban provided a justification for many early investors and drove the latest fervor."

In a major boost to Dogecoin's stardom, Musk's commercial rocket firm SpaceX has accepted payment for a lunar satellite mission in the cryptocurrency. The Dogecoin-funded mission slated for 2022 is called "DOGE-1 Mission to the Moon."

Is Dogecoin the next Bitcoin?

Well, that's been one of the most searched questions related to cryptocurrencies on Google over the past few months. Dogecoin and Bitcoin are two very different beasts, even if the former is based on the same software code that underpins Bitcoin.

Dogecoin can potentially have an infinite supply, which means those looking to remain invested in the coin for a longer duration stand to see the value of their investment diminish over time. Bitcoin, on the other hand, has a fixed supply of 21 million units, which makes it scarce and in return more valuable — much like gold and diamonds, which are also in limited supply.

While Dogecoin was designed to be a cryptocurrency for "sillies," Bitcoin was always designed to be a decentralized digital currency, an alternative to central bank-controlled fiat money. Many die-hard fans of digital currencies see Dogecoin and the speculative fervor around it as undermining their larger goal of taking cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum mainstream. They say the memecoin is just a speculative asset, with few institutional investors backing it.

Even though Dogecoin has come a long way from its satirical origins to being a popular peerto-peer cryptocurrency, it's nowhere close to threatening Bitcoin's dominance. Its $70 billion valuation is just a fraction of Bitcoin's $1 trillion.

"Dogecoin is crypto-kindergarten. It was created to have some fun and also illustrate how cryptocurrencies work," Jeff Gallas, the founder of the

German Bitcoin Foundation, told DW. "So, it's a good thing to maybe just start out with, to educate oneself about how cryptocurrencies work and not take it too seriously."

Is Dogecoin a good investment?

It depends on who you ask. Dogecoin fans swear by it, touting it as a cryptocurrency of the future with Musk anointing it the "people's crypto." Its low transaction fees and large supply make it convenient for netizens to use the coin to tip online content like bloggers and creators on Reddit and YouTube. It's also easier to mine — the process of creating new bitcoin through complex math problems — which means transactions with Dogecoin can be processed faster than with Bitcoin.

Others see Dogecoin as a highly speculative and risky investment, much more than Bitcoin or Ethereum. Despite Musk's support for the currency, none of his companies have publicly invested in Dogecoin as yet, unlike Bitcoin.

Even Musk has urged people to "invest with caution" and said it was unwise to invest one's life savings in cryptocurrencies, which should be considered speculative for now.

"Dogecoin is unlikely to become the preferred coin that is used by corporate America, but for now retail interest could keep Dogecoin suffering a similar fate as GameStop," said Moya. "Dogecoin's valuation is not justifiable but the retail support seems relentless and could keep its prices elevated well above a justifiable valuation."

different to how it was in the 1990s when the rules were set up," he added.

The economist then pointed to the interest rates of France's 10- year government bonds, which have gone down from 8% to hardly more than zero percent over the past 30 years. "That means it costs the government almost nothing to be indebted — and we think it'll stay that way," he said.

Pisani-Ferry and his co-authors also believe in a natural level of public debt, which according to them is the "basis of a sustainable financial system."

"There is a constant worldwide demand for government bonds from the eurozone, which means our governments need to be in debt."

'Changing the rules would be like opening Pandora's box'

But these words have Marc Touati despairing. The economist, known to be a free marketeer, is the head of the Parisbased financial consulting firm Aux Commandes De l'Economie et de la Finance (ACDEFI).

"If we changed the budget rules now, we would open Pandora's box," he told DW. "After all, we need to be financially credible so as to be able to keep on borrowing money at good conditions – especially as we are the eurozone's worst student and almost a quarter of the eurozone's government bonds in the market are from France."

The country's public debt stands at almost 120% of GDP.

"The cost of that debt, i.e. its interest rate, is currently quite low, as the European Central Bank (ECB) has been flooding the market with billions of euros through its quantitative easing program since 2015 — and the more money there is on the market, the cheaper the borrowing rate," he explained.

But Touati thinks it won't stay like that – and that governments should therefore refrain from accumulating endless debt.

"The ECB will stop printing money after the crisis and that will push up interest rates," he underlined.

Philippe Crevel, economist and head of the Paris-based think tank Cercle de l'Epargne and a former economic adviser to France's conservative party, agrees.

"Interest rates have never stayed very low for long in economic history — why should it be different this time around?" he told DW.

France traditionally relies on a strong state

He added that he didn't believe in a natural level of public debt. "The French seem to think that they can just keep on spending money without thinking — it's as if they didn't know that money also needs to be brought in," he opined.

For him, this stems from French history: "Since the times of Napoleon Bonaparte, we are relying on a strong state that keeps expanding public services," he said.

But that's without taking into account Germany, known to push for austerity. "They won't allow for our public debt not to be paid back as that would effectively mean we go bankrupt and have devastating consequences for the eurozone," Crevel added.

A matter of politics

President Macron has nevertheless been pushing for change. Back in 2019, he told UK magazine The Economist that the Maastricht rules "stemmed from the past." He underlined that Europe needed to spend and invest more.

Bruno Cautres, a political scientist at Paris-based University Sciences Po's Centre for Political Research, is not surprised the idea is reemerging now.

"Macron aims to be perceived as a pro-European — but one who will bring change to the EU," he explained to DW.

"Especially voters from the center-left have always been criticizing these guidelines, as they felt the rules were limiting France's capacity to spend money and implement redistributive politics," he said.

Cautres believes the topic will play a major role in the upcoming election campaign: "Macron is hoping to boost voter support on the left even though for now, most of his supporters are rightwing."

France unlikely to spend even more

But Pisani-Ferry said the timing of the publication was linked to the COVID-19 crisis. "It's the right time to get this debate going as many countries have accumulated huge amounts of debt during the pandemic; increasing the debt thresholds therefore seems the right thing to do," he said. The economist added that Macron could push for new rules during the French EU Council Presidency in the first half of 2022.

Still, even Pisani-Ferry admits that in any case, France is unlikely to be allowed to keep its public debt at the current level.

Dogecoin can potentially have an infinite supply, unlike Bitcoin