Grade Six Mathematics

Exercise 1 1. Equal 2. Equivalent 3. Equivalent 4. Equivalent 5. Equal 6. Equivalent 7. Equal 8. Equivalent

Exercise 2

1. 22 students joined only the Math Club.

2. 40 students joined the Arts Club. 3. 18 students joined a club, but did not join the Math nor Art Club.

4. 17 students joined both the Arts and Music Club.

5. 7 students did not join any club.

6. 12 students joined all three clubs.

Hello, boys and girls! Welcome back to our weekly Mathematics Column. Today’s lesson will be based on Mathematical Operations, specifically; the concept of addition and subtraction.

The four Operations/Rules of Mathematics

Basic mathematical operations consist of four fundamental processes: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. These are also commonly known as Arithmetic operations. For today's lesson, our main emphasis will be on addition and subtraction.

Addition Answers to last week’s exercise

Boys and girls, can you share your knowledge on addition? I'm confident you have combined numbers before. Let's explore some key information about this mathematical operation. Addition, in the realm of Mathematics, involves the act of determining the sum of two or more numbers or quantities.

Facts about addition

- In addition, the numbers to be added are called

- The answer is known as the sum or total.

- Words that indicate addition are: Sum, Total, Plus, Altogether and

Increase.

- The addition symbol used to indicate addition of numbers is “+” - When adding, always line up the addends, one on top of each other according to their place values. Add the numbers in the ones column first, then the tens column, the hundreds column and so on, to get the sum, or the total.

Now, boys and girls, let us examine an example: addends.

Example 1 - Find the sum of 16 and 42.

-Firstly, we arrange our addends according to their Place Value. As such, the digits 6 from the number 16 and 2 from the number 42 are in the ones column, while the digits 1 from the number 16 and 4 from the number 42 are in the tens column.

- Starting from the ones column, we then add each column vertically, hence we add 6 and 2 which gives us 8, and 1 and 4 which gives us 5.

16

+ ___42__

__ 58__

-Therefore, the sum of 16 and 42 gives us a total of 58.

Let us take a look at another example:

Example 2

Find the sum of 78 and 15.

1. Firstly, we set down the addends as per normal and proceed to adding. However, in this case, the sum of 8 and 5 in the ones column gives an answer of 13 (a two digit number). We do not write the entire 13 under the line; instead we write only the ones digit under the line - in this case, it's the digit 3.

2. Secondly, we regroup any tens under the tens column. In 13, the digit 1 is the value of the tens, so write it down.

3. Add the tens, including any tens you have regrouped (including the 1).

Now, students, carefully complete the following exercise:

Exercise 1

Arrange vertically and find the total of the following: 1. 723+239 2. 77+87 3. 2454+3042+32 4. 611+44+600 5. 419+90+120

6. The number 6422 is increased by 444. What will be the new number? 7. In a club there are 20 boys, 35 girls, and 25 teachers. How many people are in the club? 8. Areanna is 180cm tall. Joy is 14cm taller than Areanna. How tall is Joy? 9. A rock weighs 65kg. A second rock weighs 35kg more than the first rock. What is the total weight of the two rocks?

10. There are 245 students in Sunshine Primary School. 90 students prefer Mathematics, 80 prefer English, 45 prefer Science, and 30 prefer SocialStudies. How many students prefer Mathematics than Science?

Well done, students! Now, let's explore another mathematical operation: Subtraction.

Subtraction

By Stayon Abrams

Subtraction is simply taking one number away from the other.

Facts about subtraction

- In subtraction, the numbers that are being subtracted from are called

minuend.

- The number to be subtracted is called the subtrahend.

- The answer is called the difference.

Subtracting Larger Whole Numbers by Borrowing

Let us examine an example:

Find the difference between 32 and 17.

-Firstly, we write down the larger number, then write the smaller one below it (make sure that you line up the columns according to their place value).

-Subtract the number in the ones column of the bottom number from the number in the ones column of the top number. In this case, 7 is larger than 2. You'll need to "borrow" from the 3 in "32" (also known as regrouping), in order to turn that 2 into a 12.

-Cross off the 3 in "32" and make it a 2, while making the 2 a 12.

-Now, you have 12 - 7, which is equal to 5. Write a 5 below the two numbers you subtracted, so it lines up with the ones column in a new row.

-Subtract the number in the tens column of the bottom number from the number in the tens column of the top number. Remember that your 3 is now a 2. Now, subtract the 1 in 17 from the 2 above it to get (2-1) 1. Write 1 below the numbers in the tens columns. -This means that 32 - 17 = 15.

Ok boys and girls, let's put into practice the idea you've grasped by doing the following exercise:

Exercise 2

Calculate the following: a. 774-322 b. 851-412 d. 5631-3521 e. 9432-4524 c. 6763-4755

f. What number is 445 less than 9810? g. A bag has 870 candies which are either red or blue. If 367 candies are blue,

how many are red? h. What number must be added to 930 to make 5000? i. What is 130 from 7030. j. By how much is 6629 greater than 722?

Excellent work, boys and girls!

Today's session concludes here. I appreciate your attentiveness, and I look forward to having you with us again next week as we delve further into exploring different mathematical operations. Be sure to return for the answers to this week's questions. Wishing you a productive week at school! Goodbye!