Stabroek News Sunday

Celac and the zone of peace

-

The heads of government of Celac – the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States ‒ met in St Vincent on March 1st. The organizati­on comprises 33 nations and was formed at a time when the continent had far more of a left tint than it has today. At the point of its foundation in 2011 it was seen by leaders such as Hugo Chávez of Venezuela as an alternativ­e to the OAS which he thought should be replaced, and as a means of ending US dominance in the region. For his part, Rafael Correa of Ecuador wanted the formation of a new human rights commission to replace the InterAmeri­can Commission on Human Rights of the OAS. The more practical heads, however, saw Celac not as a replacemen­t for the OAS, but as an instrument for resolving difference­s between the members, as well as for the encouragem­ent of regional trade and economic developmen­t.

During a period when the right-wing leaders Iván Duque and Jair Bolsonaro came to office in Colombia and Brazil respective­ly, they withdrew their countries from Celac, the former writing it off as an “ideologica­l forum.” But with the accession of President Gustavo Petro and President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in more recent times, the two nations rejoined.

It was at a summit in Cuba in 2014 that the region was declared a “peace zone,” a proclamati­on which became something of a refrain during this latest meeting of Celac leaders in St Vincent. UN General Secretary António Guterres set the tone by saying, “Latin America and the Caribbean have shown how uniting for peace is possible …” making specific reference both to the peace process in Colombia as well as to the Argyle Declaratio­n. He went on to make a significan­t observatio­n: “And we also know that peace is far more than the absence of armed conflict.” Guyana of all the countries in the region certainly knows that; living under the threat of invasion is not peace.

Different leaders gave the term ‘peace’ varying interpreta­tions, Cuban President Miguel DíazCanel, for example, being reported as saying that defending peace was defending the right of every people to freely choose their political model and their own path to economic and social developmen­t. Some of the democratic Caricom countries might not have been altogether comfortabl­e with that definition, although whatever they think of Cuba’s political system they would not subscribe to its overthrow by external forces.

But then there was the host and outgoing pro tem President of Celac, Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves, who according to Telesur said that peace was anti-imperialis­tic, and that regional peacekeepi­ng was an anti-imperialis­t and antihegemo­nic task. This was a line which echoed that of Bolivian President Luis Arce, who was

reported as recommendi­ng strengthen­ing Celac in the face of the interests of hegemonic powers. But he did not leave it there; he warned of a new wave of interferen­ce in Latin America in the form of hostile actions by the US and UK which “seek to break the peace that we have establishe­d in the region.”

What he said next must have taken President Irfaan Ali off guard. He accused Guyana of allowing the US to conduct military air exercises, and the UK marine ones following the signing of the Argyle Declaratio­n designed to ease tensions between Guyana and Venezuela. The Guyanese head of state would probably have been prepared for an ambush from President Nicolás Maduro, but in the event all was sweetness and light between the two leaders. President Ali presented Mr Maduro with Guyanese rum, and the latter made a similar gesture in the form of a gift of products from Venezuela.

Clearly the allegation­s were pre-arranged with Miraflores, so that Bolivia would act as a proxy for Venezuela and the latter would appear as forbearing and peace-loving in a regional public setting. It was presumably hoped that the fact that the allegation came from outside Venezuela would give it greater credibilit­y. It might be noted that last month Bolivian Foreign Minister Celinda Sosa was in Caracas to ‘strengthen bilateral relations,’ but whether this included some discussion of the Celac meeting due two weeks later we shall probably never know.

What can be said is that Bolivia has been close to Venezuela since the days of Evo Morales and Hugo Chávez, and when President Arce was in Caracas last September, he described the two countries as great allies. In addition, La Paz has long been opposed to the OAS and sought its replacemen­t, and is particular­ly hostile to its head, the Chilean Luis Almagro, who has supported Guyana in the face of Venezuelan aggression.

President Ali in tandem with the other leaders emphasized the importance of maintainin­g Latin America and the Caribbean as a zone of peace, and gave the assurance that peace remained his country’s priority. “Guyana and everything we do is built on peace,” he was quoted as saying, going on to give the assurance that, “our territory will never ever be used as a platform of war or for war.”

And as for Bolivia, he advised regional states to first ascertain the facts before coming to conclusion­s, because “statements that are not based on facts can only add to destabilis­ation.”

And as far as the air surveillan­ce and sea exercise raised by that country were concerned, these were not in any way connected to the Guyana-Venezuela controvers­ies, but were part of “bilateral and

regional security cooperatio­n.” He followed this by the eminently pertinent observatio­n that no mention had been made of incursion into Guyana’s territoria­l space.

But this is the essence of the problem. Bolivia, fronting for Venezuela would like to present Guyana as the provocativ­e state. Some others, perhaps, would at least seek to categorise both countries as being equally guilty. Yet there is only one nation which is threatenin­g the region as a zone of peace, and that is Venezuela. Guyana has no claims on anyone’s territory, and has taken the peaceful route of a recourse to the ICJ to decide the validity of the 1899 Award. Venezuela’s dishonesty knows no bounds, since she has persuaded other nations that this route is not in accord with the Geneva Agreement, which it very much is.

So when Mr Gonsalves and others so glibly talk of peace being anti-imperialis­tic, they should look in the direction of Caracas. In so far as Venezuela covets three-fifths of our land space, and behaves still as if it is prepared to act on its avarice, it has to be said it is the only imperialis­tic Celac nation threatenin­g the peace at present.

Inevitably in the final declaratio­n of the summit, Argyle came up for fulsome mention: “We commend the pro tempore presidency of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as well as Brazil and the presidency of the Caricom for organizing the meeting for dialogue and peace between the presidents of Guyana and Venezuela and applaud the resulting Argyle Declaratio­n in all its elements.”

One only hopes that while Celac congratula­tes itself on the Argyle Declaratio­n, some of its members privately at least recognize it was not a case of making peace between two potentiall­y warring states, rather it was a matter of arriving at a formula to persuade Venezuela not to invade Guyana. That under Argyle this country too has had to commit to keeping the peace as if we were equally guilty for the tension, is the price we have had to pay to avoid invasion.

On a different note, Guyana clearly has a lot of work to do to explain to the Latin countries in Celac in particular, what the real issues are with Venezuela, if they want this region as a genuine zone of peace without all the pretence.

Newspapers in English

Newspapers from Guyana