Pei family maxim fosters ancestral pride
Strong sense of belonging is drawing visitors to a village in Shanxi province and keeping it alive
Peibai village looks no different from many other hamlets in North China. Rows of redbrick courtyards lie neatly in square formations, surrounded by plots of farmland resembling plaid.
For most of the year, the 200home village in Wenxi, Shanxi province, is quiet, with left-behind children and their grandparents its main residents. Only during Spring Festival in late January or early February does it come to life when hundreds of young migrant workers return home from cities.
But records show that the humdrum rural community is the ancestral hometown to all people with Pei as their family name, about 870,000 worldwide.
Since the Qin Dynasty (221206 BC), the Pei family has produced 59 prime ministers and 59 senior generals, with its peak in the Tang Dynasty (618907), as well as nearly 500 writers, artists, scholars, scientists and officials, making the Pei clan a prestigious one among the more than 100 family name clans in China.
Pei Jianmin, 41, is one of a few young farmers who live in the village year-round. Apart from working on his farm, he also works as a tour guide in the temple, which was built in the early Tang Dynasty.
His grandfather was the Pei clan patriarch of the village, and Pei Jianmin has developed a keen interest in studying the history of the Pei family.
Many people attribute the success of the Pei people to the feng shui of the village, which is surrounded on three sides by nine hills. In Chinese culture, being surrounded by nine phoenixes is seen as auspicious.
But Pei Jianmin thinks that family tradition plays a bigger role, saying that feng shui is something impalpable. But the difference tradition can make in a family is significant.
The Pei family tradition is crystallized in the maxim for the Pei people, who are instructed to revere ancestors, respect parents, support rela- tives, maintain good relations with neighbors, be honest and modest, be hardworking and thrifty, set a good example for offspring, be knowledgeable and adept in professional skills, make good friends, behave properly and have strong social ethics.
The maxim, written in laconic, catchy and rhyming traditional Chinese, has been passed down from the Tang Dynasty, when Pei Du, a prime minister, returned to the village temporarily and invested heavily in education.
At a time when most of the rural population remained illiterate, the Pei villagers became an exception, thanks to their strict family and community education.
Yang Hulong, Party chief of the village, said the best building in the village had always been the school, which was known for its high standards.
Pei Guochen, a farmer in his 60s, said according to the maxim, the purpose of education is not to accumulate private wealth, but to serve more people. The belief has been passed down to this day.
Although only 25 percent of the inhabitants of the village bear the Pei family name today, most residents are proud of the village’s history and uphold the principles defined in the maxim.
Since 2012, President Xi Jinping has reiterated the importance of passing on family traditions, to cultivate good public ethics and promote good governance.
Since then, the village committee has made spreading the maxim one of its key tasks, and Pei Jianmin has received many visitors to the temple.
On the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, said to be the birthday of the Pei people’s first ancestor, the village organizes an ancestorworshipping ceremony every year in the temple, attracting Pei people from around the country.
The ceremony has taken place since the Tang Dynasty. It is a tradition that the attendees plant cypress trees on the hill.
Pei Jianmin has met many clan members through the activity, and is gratified that there are so many Pei people with a strong sense of being descended from the same ancestor and expressing clan pride.
Pei Mingwen, 82, from Jiaozuo, Henan province, is one of them. He came to Peibai village to attend the ceremony 10 years ago and takes care to teach his children and grandchildren the Pei family maxim.
“I always teach my children to be honest, self-disciplined and show filial piety to their elders,” he said. “That’s what we need most today.”
Pei Wenming, 48, came to the village to attend the ceremony for the first time this year. He lives in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia autonomous region.
“I only know that my ancestors moved to Northeast China from Hebei province. But I know nothing beyond that,” he said.
“I can trace my roots in the village. It is a good feeling.”
Despite his interest, Pei Jianmin worries that the population of the village is dwindling as increasing numbers of young people go to cities to earn a better living.
Although the local school was good compared with others in the township, it paled in comparison to schools in counties and cities, he added.
“A migrant worker can earn twice as much as a farmer in a year. Few people want to stay. Without people, family tradition has no soil to support its roots.” he said. He hopes tourism development can attract more villagers to return.
Without people, family tradition has no soil to support its roots.” Pei Jianmin, a resident in Peibai village, Shanxi province
Contact the writers at liyang@chinadaily.com.cn