Myanmar switch
Farmers choose silkworms over poppies, find a better life
TANGYAN, Myanmar — Zhou Xing Ci’s family has farmed poppies for as long as anyone remembers, scraping the flowers’ sticky brown sap to produce opium.
Along with many other farmers in the hills of eastern Myanmar, the crop — much of which ends up as heroin sold on foreign streets — has in recent years put Myanmar as one of the world’s leading sources of opium.
“That tradition stops with me,” said Zhou, 42, at his sturdy new timber house in Tangyan township, in the north of Shan State.
Zhou is now in his third year raising silkworms rather than poppies, and said quicker profits have enabled his family — with six children — to upgrade from a bamboo hut.
A Chinese company working with farmers like Zhou hopes the silk-producing larva can help the farmers, and their country, quit the drug.
“Growing opium is too tough. It’s only one harvest every year and a rain can easily destroy a whole year’s work,” Zhou said.
The price for opium has fallen, he said, and growing poppies risked running afoul of heavy-handed eradication efforts by the Myanmar government.
It has contributed to a 25 percent fall in the total area of Myanmar under poppy cultivation since 2015, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
The UN agency has assisted more than 1,000 farmers to switch from opium to another cash crop, coffee, since 2014, said Troels Vester, UNODC country manager for Myanmar.
“It was nothing but poppy farms when we first arrived in this area in 2014,” said Wang Bing, 63, vice general manager of DH Silco Enterprise, the Chinese company working with farmers, navigating a winding dirt road in a fourwheel drive.
The company is working with more than 1,800 families, who grow mulberry bushes to feed the silkworms on 2,000 hectares of land, producing at least 288,000 kilograms of cocoons to be exported to China each year, Wang said.
About 50 sericulturalists from China help farmers to harvest as often as every two weeks between April and November, said Wang, a Zhejiang businessman who’s spent more than 40 years in China’s silk trade.
Some villagers have moved to lower lying areas to take part. Others are now farming silkworms alongside other crops like watermelons.