PAN-INDIA ELECTION-TIME SURVEY

The analysis presented in the report is based on nationwide surveys conducted in April-May 2019, May 2018, May 2017 and April-May 2014 by the Lokniti programme of the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi.

While the surveys done in 2019 and 2014 were part of the National Election Study that Lokniti conducted during the Lok Sabha elections, the surveys conducted in

2018 and

2017 were part of Lokniti's 'Mood of the Nation' series

The 2019 survey was a post-poll conducted a few days after voters had voted in each phase of the Lok Sabha election and the 2014 survey was a pre-poll conducted three weeks before the Lok Sabha election.

A total of 24,236 voters were interviewed in 211 parliamentary constituencies.

The sampling process adopted across all surveys was multi-stage random sampling - first the parliamentary constituencies were sampled, then the assembly constituencies within them, then polling stations within them, and finally the voters who were to be interviewed from the electoral rolls of the sampled polling station

The fieldwork for the 2019 survey was conducted in 26 states Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal

At each of these stages, the systematic random sampling procedure was adopted.