The authority and significance of Lokpal
WHAT IS LOKPAL?
A national anti-corruption ombudsman to look into complaints against public servants as defined under the Lokpal Act, 2013. The office of Lokpal comprises a chairperson and up to eight members. The chairperson can be current or former judges of the SC or chief justices of HCs. Members should have least 25 years of experience in matters related to anti-corruption policy, vigilance, public administration, finance, law and management
POWERS OF LOKPAL
The Lokpal can initiate a preliminary investigation after it receives a complaint under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. If the complaint is found to be true, the Lokpal can ask the government to take disciplinary action against the public servant and also file a case in a special court to be set up by the Centre
WHO ALL CAN LOKPAL INVESTIGATE?
According to the Lokpal Act, 2013, the ombudsman can investigate persons in seven categories — a prime minister after s/he demits office; current and former ministers; current and former MPs; all Group A officers of the central government; all Group A-equivalent officers of PSUs and other government bodies; directors and officers of NGOs which receive government funds; directors and officers of NGOs which receive funds from the public and have an annual income above ₹10 lakh from a foreign contributor and ₹1 crore from the government
THE INVESTIGATION AND TRIAL PROCESS
A preliminary inquiry should be completed within 30 days of receiving a complaint. The period can be extended to a further three months. A full inquiry has to be completed within six months, extendable by another six months. Trial should be completed within a year of filing the case; the time period can be extended to a maximum of two years. Lokpal does not need prior sanction from the government to investigate a complaint
WHO SELECTS LOKPAL?
A five-member selection panel comprising the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, the Leader of Opposition, Chief Justice of India, and an eminent jurist nominated by the President
HOW CAN LOKPAL BE REMOVED?
The President can make a reference to the Supreme Court either on his own or if 100 MPs sign a petition seeking the removal of the chairperson or any of the members. If the SC, after an inquiry, finds the charges to be true, s/he should be removed by President
HOW WAS LOKPAL LAW ENACTED?
In January 2011, the government formed a Group of Ministers to suggest measures to tackle corruption, including the examination of the proposal of a Lokpal Bill following a protest in Delhi by Anna Hazare. In July 2011, the Union cabinet approved the bill, and both Houses of the country passed it in December 2013
HISTORY OF LOKPAL
According to Professional Referral Source (PRS) legislative research, the Lokpal bill has been introduced eight times in the Lok Sabha (1968, 1971, 1977, 1985, 1989, 1996, 1998 and 2001). Each time the Lok Sabha was dissolved before the bill could be passed, except in 1985, when it was withdrawn. Several commissions including the First Administrative Reforms Commission of 1966, the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution of 2002 and the Second Administrative Reforms Commission of 2007 recommended constitution of Lokpal.
ANTI-CORRUPTION OFFICES SIMILAR TO LOKPAL IN OTHER COUNTRIES
According to PRS Legislative Research, an Indian non-profit organisation, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Spain, New Zealand, Burkina Faso and the United Kingdom are some of the countries which have the office of an ombudsman.