Ally, adversary of both pan-india parties

CONG TIES Once a critic of Indira Gandhi, Kalaignar backed her in 1980 but shared a rocky relationship with the party over the years BJP RELATIONS Two sides joined hands before ’99 polls, parted ways five years later

NEW DELHI: Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) patriarch M Karunanidhi shared blow hotblow-cold ties with the Congress in the six decades of his career.

When he took over as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the first time in 1969, the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi called him “confrontationist”.

Eleven years later, Karunanidhi or Kalaignar (a scholar of arts) to his supporters, backed Indira Gandhi in the 1980 general elections after opposing her bitterly during Emergency, which also brought him close to the Janata Party founded by Jayaprakash Narayan. The animosity between the two sides peaked in January 1976 when Indira Gandhi, citing corruption charges against Karunanidhi, dismissed the DMK government.

Kalaignar would often cite his famous phrase of 1980 -- “Nehruvin Magale Varuga, nilayana aatchi tharuga (Welcome daughter of Pandit Nehru, give a stable regime)” -- to emphasise his party’s deep and strong ties with the grand old party.

Karunanidhi talked about the great regard the DMK had for India’s first PM Jawaharlal Nehru, and the cordial relations he shared with Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi and their family members despite differences.

He showered praises on Rajiv Gandhi for his efforts to bring back democracy at the grassroots. Kalaignar kept personal relationships away from politics.

The five-time chief minister would often proudly claim that he had even organised a black flag demonstration against Nehru.

During his political career, Kalaignar played a key role in stitching alliances in Tamil Nadu and also at the national level. He was instrumental in the formation of the National Front, a rainbow coalition led by the Janata Dal, in 1989. But the Karunanidhi government was dismissed again in January 1991 – this time by the Chandrasekhar government on the ground of breakdown of constitutional machinery and accusing the DMK leader of not doing enough to crack down on the Tamil Tigers in his state.

The DMK was also a part of the United Front government from 1996 to 1998. The Jain commission report on Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination had concluded that the DMK was giving “tacit support” to the LTTE whose militants had killed the former Prime Minister.

However, the IK Gujral-led United Front government fell in November 1997 after the Congress withdrew its support after its demand for removal of the DMK ministers was rejected.

This pushed Karunanidhi towards the Bjp-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in 1999 and his party joined the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government till December 2003 when it quit the coalition over POTA. After being political adversaries for nearly seven years, the then Congress president Sonia Gandhi got the DMK on board the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) in 2004 by calling up Karunanidhi to oust the Bjp-led NDA from power in the Lok Sabha elections that year.

The DMK remained an important constituent of the UPA till March 2013 when it quit the coalition over the Manmohan Singh government’s stand on the Sri Lanka human rights issue at the UNHRC session at Geneva. After contesting the 2014 Lok Sabha elections separately, the two parties again came together for the 2016 assembly polls. But the period between 2014 and 2016 saw bitter exchanges between the two parties. NEWDELHI: The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party were unlikely allies in many ways, but a series of developments in Delhi and Chennai brought the two closer before the general election in 1999. The relationship remained smooth until the two separated before the 2004 election.

India saw a snap poll in 1998 after the Congress withdrew support to the IK Gujaral government. The BJP entered into an alliance with the AIADMK and they bagged 30 out of 39 seats of the southern state. Atal Bihari Vajpayee returned as the prime minister. So far so good.

But, Vajpayee came under pressure from J Jayalalithaa to withdraw the income tax related cases against her and dismiss the DMK government. The BJP-AIADMK bond was under strain and it broke. A tea party in Delhi featuring Jayalalithaa and Congress chief Sonia Gandhi had set the stage for Vajpayee’s fall. Jaya had pulled out of the NDA and Vajpayee government lost the trust vote by one vote.

The Jaya chapter was over, and Vajpayee’s chief troubleshooter Pramod Mahajan came up with the idea of alliance with the DMK. Not many in the BJP, then, felt it was possible. The DMK was seen as an atheist party, the BJP an outfit of saadhus. DMK stood for anti-brahmin politics, the BJP was called a Brahmin-baniya party. The DMK was a party with base in southern India, the BJP was a north-indian party.

Still, Mahajan had his way. A few calls between Mahajan and Murasoli Maran – a prominent DMK figure, script writer for films, journalist, and, above all, a close relative of Karunandihi – sealed the deal between the BJP and the DMK. The unimaginable had happened. The two parties had got together. Vajpayee returned to power in 1999 with DMK as an ally this time. Maran was rewarded with commerce ministry portfolio. TR Baalu and A Raja, too, were made ministers.

The relationship between the DMK and the BJP remained smooth. Maran grew closer to Vajpyee and had a special bond with Mahajan. He, however, took ill by 2002. Maran was retained as a minister without portfolio even as he was in coma. He died in November 2003 and Vajpayee attended his funeral.

The DMK was getting wary of its support among Christian and Muslims over its pact with the BJP in post-2002 Gujarat riots situation and other differences. Karunanidhi pulled out his two ministers out of the Vajpayee government in December 2003.

ANIMOSITY BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES PEAKED IN JANUARY 1976 WHEN INDIRA GANDHI, CITING CORRUPTION CHARGES AGAINST KARUNANIDHI DISMISSED THE DMK, GOVERNMENT