Next generation soft, self-healing robots mimicking human muscles coming soon

NEW YORK: Scientists are developing next generation of robots made from soft materials that are more similar to human systems, and are adept at mimicking the expansion and contraction of natural muscles, self-sense their movements as well as self-heal from electrical damage. Such soft robots contain tremendous potential for future applications as they adapt to dynamic environments and are well-suited to closely interact with humans, said the researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder.

The robots named as hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators eschew the bulky, rigid pistons and motors of conventional robots with soft and electrically activated structures.

With the help of hydraulic fluid which enables versatile movements, the soft devices can perform a variety of tasks, including grasping delicate objects, as well as lifting heavy objects. HASEL actuators exceed or match the strength, speed and efficiency of biological muscle. LONDON : Astronomers have revealed an ‘astonishing’ overabundance of massive stars — with masses over 10 times that of the Sun — in a neighbouring galaxy.

The discovery, made in the gigantic star-forming region 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy, has ‘farreaching’ consequences for our understanding of how stars transformed the pristine universe into the one we live in today, researchers said.

“We were astonished when we realised that 30 Doradus has formed many more massive stars than expected,” said Fabian Schneider from the University of Oxford in the UK.

The team used ESO’S Very Large Telescope to observe nearly 1,000 massive stars in 30 Doradus, a gigantic stellar nursery also known as the Tarantula nebula.

The researchers used detailed analyses of about 250 stars with masses between 15 and 200 times the mass of our Sun to determine the distribution of massive stars born in 30 Doradus — the so-called initial mass function (IMF).

M a s s ive s t a r s a re p a r t i c u l a rly important for astronomers because of their enormous influence on their surroundings.

They can explode in spectacular supernovae at the end of their lives, forming some of the most exotic objects in the universe - neutron stars and black holes.

“We have not only been surprised by the sheer number of massive stars, but also that their IMF is densely sampled up to 200 solar masses,” said Hugues Sana from the University of Leuven in Belgium.

“Until recently, the existence of stars up to 200 solar masses was highly disputed, and the study shows that a maximum birth mass of stars of 200300 solar masses appears likely,” said Sana, co-author of the study published in the journal Science.

In most parts of the universe studied by astronomers to date, stars become rarer the more massive they are. The IMF predicts that most stellar mass is in low-mass stars and that less than one per cent of all stars are born with masses in excess of ten times that of the Sun.

Measuring the proportion of massive stars is extremely difficult — primarily because of their scarcity — and there are only a handful of places in the local universe where this can be done.