Fedex’d diamonds fuelled Nirav Modi’s PNB fraud
ROUNDTRIPPING A diamond was shipped at least 4 times between shadowy firms allegedly controlled by Nirav Modi over about five weeks in 2011, says report
NEW YORK: The price of the large yellow diamond alternately shrank and spiked by about a million dollars as it moved across the globe.
The three-carat gem was shipped at least four times between shadowy companies allegedly controlled by Indian billionaire Nirav Modi over about five weeks in 2011, according to a report by a US bankruptcy examiner. The practice of round-tripping—trading a good repeatedly to give the appearance of distinct transactions—was central to the largest bank fraud in Indian history and ensuing criminal charges against celebrity jeweller Modi, according to the report filed August 25.
The rapid-fire sales were described as part of a plan in which Modi and associates “fraudulently borrowed approximately $4 billion over a period of years by manufacturing sham transactions purportedly to ‘import’ diamonds and other gems into India using a web of more than 20 secretly controlled shell entities,” wrote John J Carney, the examiner in the bankruptcy case of three US jewellery companies indirectly owned by Modi.
The firms sought protection from creditors in February in New York as the celebrity jeweller’s empire unraveled. Authorities brought criminal charges against him and alleged accomplices, and Modi became an international fugitive. He’s denied doing anything wrong.
The “fancy vivid yellow orange cushion cut” diamond was first sold by Firestar Dia- mond Inc., a US company indirectly owned by Modi, and shipped to Fancy Creations Company Ltd, a foreign shell company in Hong Kong also allegedly controlled by Modi, in August 2011, the report says. The price was almost $1.1 million.
The colourful stone was then shipped out two weeks later by Solar Export, a partnership formed by the Nirav Modi family trust, back to Firestar Diamond in the US, for closer to what it was really worth: $183,000, the examiner wrote. Less than a week later, Firestar, which has offices on Fifth Avenue in New York City, shipped the diamond back to Fancy Creations in Hong Kong, this time for $1.16 million, the report asserts.
And two weeks after that, A Jaffe, the New York City-based diamond company owned by Modi, sold the diamond to World Diamond Distribution, which the report describes as a Modi shell company in the United Arab Emirates, this time for more than $1.2 million. The practice of round-tripping, which ultimately totaled $213.8 million between 2011 and 2017, the alleged duration of the fraud, generated shipping invoices that were given to the state-owned Punjab National Bank to obtain short-term loans using letters of undertaking, according to Carney.
The proceeds were then used to fund Modi’s lifestyle and business entities as well as using the funds from new loans to repay the old ones as they came due, the report states, citing a real-estate trust controlled by Modi that paid $25 million in cash for a luxury apartment in the Ritz Carlton on Central Park South in 2017.
Some of the shipments were so large and high-priced “that the packing slips alone should have raised suspicion,” wrote Carney, a former investigator and prosecutor for the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice.
In a break with industry practices, the Modi-owned US companies exported diamonds via Fedex instead of with a bonded courier—including a 17-carat stone sold for $1.7 million and sent from New York City to Hong Kong—even though Fedex insures packages only up to $150,000, the report states.
“There is no legitimate business reason to ship diamonds worth millions of dollars without obtaining appropriate insurance,” Carney wrote, citing a gem expert retained by the bankruptcy trustee. The report found “substantial evidence” to back up Indian criminal and civil authorities who say Modi’s US companies and senior officials were involved in transactions related to alleged bank fraud and money laundering.
Modi has previously denied wrongdoing, and a lawyer representing him declined to comment Monday on the examiner’s report. The US companies, Firestar Diamond, A Jaffe and Fantasy Inc., which all operate out of the same New York offices, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February. (And the three companies still owe Federal Express about $86,000 in unpaid bills, according to a court filing in their bankruptcy case.)
Modi, 47, comes from a family of specialist gem cutters, and he has draped his jewels on Hollywood and Bollywood stars, including Kate Winslet, Naomi Watts and Priyanka Chopra. He bought A Jaffe, an iconic engagement ring company founded in Manhattan in 1892, to add to his collection of brands in 2007 and opened eponymous boutiques in New York City, Macau, Singapore, Beijing and London.