India must take the lead to save the Paris agreement
The nation is a shining example for developing economies in successfully aligning climate action with development
The US regression from the Paris climate accord is not surprising. As a matter of concern, other developed economies like Australia and Russia, too are seen faltering on climate action. In this scenario, the world is increasingly looking east to fill the leadership vacuum in global climate governance. India and China have displayed commitment and leadership potential by taking affirmative actions in significantly reducing carbon emissions.
Though China’s climate action is commendable, it is not in a position yet to independently assume the leadership that climate governance requires. First, despite its aggressive efforts, China remains the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter. Second, China has often followed a hands-off approach in regional and global diplomacy. Tackling climate change and reforming global energy systems requires an assertive leadership. Third, as recently as 2011, climate scepticism dominated the national discourse in China.
Between the US withdrawal and China’s dubious climate credentials, immense opportunities exist for India to counterbalance the existing climate leadership equilibrium. Recent affirmations from India on staying committed to climate goals is indicative of India’s decisive leadership.
India is already on the path of clean energy revolution and is making significant accomplishments in achieving its pledge to the Paris Agreement. Upscaling the National Solar Mission, India has set a target of 100 gigawatts (GW) of installed solar energy capacity by 2022. This is five times higher than the original 20 GW target. India also recently became the fourth largest producer of wind energy in the world and announced plans to cancel 14 GW of coal plants. Indeed, India is currently in a strong position not only to meet, but exceed its Paris climate targets. The green power revolution is envisaged to attract millions in investment and create job opportunities, while providing a substantial boost to export of new commodities.
India is a shining example for developing economies in successfully aligning climate action with development imperatives. In climate negotiations, India has taken a lead in arguing for less stringent climate restrictions for developing countries as they need more room to grow in the limited carbon space.
Given the present leadership impasse, the world would be keenly following India’s role on climate action in key upcoming forums such as the G20 and COP23. As China looks for a global partner to leverage its influence at the international stage, India is poised to utilise this potential opportunity and fill the leadership void in global climate change governance.