US Army scientists’ 19 patents lead to quantum imaging advances
Camera technology has advanced beginning in the 1800s from an eight-hour development process to pictures generated in seconds. Over the years there has been monochrome, Kodachrome and Polaroid — today digital imaging is popular. Quantum imaging in the military is also advancing at a rapid pace.
Recently, Ronald E. Meyers and Keith S. Deacon of the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) part of the Research Development and Engineering Command, received a patent from the US Patent and Trademark Office on November 26 for their novel quantum imaging technology called, “System and Method for Image Enhancement and Improvement.”
The newest development combines a novel method of photon measurement and computing to create a sharp image. This patent is the 19th for Meyers in the areas of quantum technology and physics. It builds on the team’s portfolio from last year with patents to build a high resolution image out of low-resolution transmission and also one to produce high resolution image frames using quantum properties.
Meyers, the leader and principal investigator for the Quantum Imaging Information Science and Technology mission programme of the Computational and Information Sciences Directorate at ARL, looks at his Quantum Imaging Camera as, “a new and better way to get a picture.”
In addition to being funded by the Army, Meyers has collaborated with Air Force funded quantum research efforts. The Navy has employed quantum cascade lasers to illuminate a sample surface with one or more wavelengths, according to the Naval Research Laboratory website. “But the Army has led the development of quantum imaging research based on the needs of the Soldier,” Meyers said.
The Army problem is that ground troops need a way to see a long distance through turbulence in an operational environment. The optical turbulence that Soldiers see during a real-world mission is caused by wind and heating and is exacerbated by smoke that degrades camera images and makes pictures much less clear, he said.
As camera technology evolves, this new way to image remote objects is helpful because Soldiers can identify what they see from a longer, safer distance in a way that classical imaging doesn’t allow, Meyers said. There are classical imaging techniques, that use infrared or amplifying light for night time use, but you get better results utilizing quantum imaging, also called ghost imaging, he said. “We are overcoming problems that classical imaging can’t cope with, and solving them with better physics solutions enabling quantum imaging applications.”
The theory itself behind quantum imaging is not the same as it is with classical imaging, and has key beneficial differences. Typically ghost imaging pictures come from quantum properties of photons, electrons and atoms to produce an image of an object that the camera itself cannot see, Meyers said.
ARL’s imaging uses nonlocal multi-photon quantum interference, related to entanglement, to cancel atmospheric turbulence and abnormalities. The method works at virtually all wavelengths for passive and active imaging. The researchers demonstrated the experiments at a distance of 2.33 km away from the target.
Since the team invented remote ghost imaging and published the first ghost image of a remote object in 2007, that of a toy soldier, they have improved the quantum imaging physics and they understand the phenomena better. The experimental set-ups are also much more efficient than they were five years ago, Meyers said.
They expected to see improvements during more recent testing but “what we didn’t expect is that even with high noise, low signal strength, and turbulence, the images were incredibly sharp,” Meyers said. The quantum imaging system and method’s result produced clear long distance images through strong turbulence and low light conditions. When the team first started studying ghost imaging in 2003 they demonstrated this technique using lasers. Meyers said, “The greatest challenge back then was getting good measurements.”
“I knew in the beginning that we had to conduct the experiment in a way that anybody could repeat it with similar results,” Meyers said. “Sometimes those images would take up to six hours to produce, but the most recent experiments produced images in seconds.” The research team’s current goal is to experiment with different wavelengths to apply them to intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance from the ground, a satellite or a military unmanned aerial vehicle. Future developments may also include entangled photons.
Meyers has performed research for the ARL since 1982. He was singled out as the Army scientist with the most patents earlier this year as the Army was named on Thomson Reuters 2012 Top 100 Global Innovator list. He said the achievement he was most proud of is “moving ghost imaging from a physics curiosity to a practical far-reaching technology now under development for the Army. This patented quantum imaging invention is another step for our team towards providing the Army with new generations of imagers that enhance situational awareness on the battlefield.”