Living across frontlines in South Sudan

Leer, South Sudan: Nyakol was 15, healthy and strong when South Sudanese soldiers attacked her hometown of Leer, forcing her to flee with her mother into the surrounding swamps. Not for the first time, government troops tore through the northern rebel stronghold, killing, kidnapping and raping, so Nyakol was lucky to escape, but she contracted cerebral malaria while in hiding. Treatment for the disease came too late, leaving her brain- damaged and unable to walk, talk or eat without help. In the nearly three years since, Nyakol’s mother, Nyaduol, has carried her to safety numerous times as fighting has continued. Their most recent uprooting was just last month when they managed to cross the shifting front lines, arriving exhausted and hungry in rebel- held Touch Riak, less than 16 kilometres ( 10 miles) from Leer. The constant upheaval of conflict, illness and starvation has left Nyakol severely malnourished: her weight is that of a two- year- old, her skin hanging loose on protruding bones. South Sudan’s civil war began in late 2013 and has overwhelmingly affected civilians who are treated as prey by soldiers from all sides. Rape, torture, murder and starvation have come to define the conflict, while efforts to bring peace have failed. Leer has been the epicentre of this man- made crisis. The town was once home to rebel leader Riek Machar and dominated by his Nuer tribe, and so was a target for government forces. The violent tug- ofwar between government and rebel forces has scattered most of the population to places like Touch Riak, the village where Nyakol and her mother are staying, squatters at a tarpaulin hospital. Leer is, for now, under government control and so off- limits to Nyakol. “Touch Riak is still in the hands of the opposition and during the rainy season it becomes an island. That’s why we feel safe here,” said Nyaduol as she tended to her invalid daughter, lying prone on the makeshift clinic’s dirt floor. Leer is also largely abandoned by international aid agencies, who have not returned since the major government offensive of 2015, unwilling to take the risk of operating in the area after their compounds were serially looted and their staff threatened. Instead, local South Sudanese charities are on the ground, while the UN’s World Food Programme ( WFP) drops sacks of food from the air. “The situation is tense and it’s difficult to move,” said Gatkan David Jal of the Universal Intervention and Development Organisation.