Stuck fertiliser cargo shows global supply chain crisis

From the US to Sudan to China, container boxes have been lying at ports

Somewhere in the world's busiest port of Shanghai, a container of fertiliser sits among tens of thousands of boxes, waiting for a ride to the US. It's been on the dock for months, trapped by typhoons and Covid outbreaks that have worsened major congestion in the global supply-chain network.

While the fertiliser has been stranded there since May, the port is just one stop on the long journey from central China to the US Midwest. Delays have stretched a delivery that ordinarily would take weeks to more than half a year. And that time frame will keep expanding, as the goods have barely started the roughly 15,000 km trek.

This is the tale of one humble shipment and its arduous journey across the world. While some of the barriers may be specific to this particular case, the journey is emblematic of the inertia that has gripped global trade during the pandemic.

From the US to Sudan to China, container boxes have been lying at ports, railyards and in warehouses as the pandemic rages on. In an industry with 25 million containers and some 6,000 ships hauling them, it's easy to see disruptions as one big headache confined to the shipping world. But each container that's delayed is economic activity that's restrained, heaping costs one box at a time on consumers and making it more challenging to put choice food on consumers' tables or deliver presents for the holidays.

It's also a lesson in the ripple effects across global supply chains, showing the limits of diversification as all networks are still closely connected with China.

"All roads lead back to China, and that has a major effect across the entire supply chain," said Dawn Tiura, head of USbased Sourcing Industry

Group. "Congestion at one port or factory has farreaching implications for neighbouring facilities, which trickles out across the world."

The journey for our particular box of sandy-looking ammonium phosphate began in February. That's when, deep in the agricultural heartland of the US Midwest, a supplier for farmers in Illinois placed an order for eight container boxes of fertiliser from factories in central China.

Before the pandemic, a batch like this would typically arrive in Chicago in April, just in time for growers to use during planting season, said Steve Kranig, director of logistics at IM-EX Global Inc, which is in charge of coordinating transport for the fertiliser cargo.

But by May some of the fertiliser was still sitting in Chongqing, 2,400 km west of Shanghai, where it was manufactured. The culprit: a shortage of containers for transport.

It took Kranig months to secure boxes and spots on ships that would leave from Shanghai. The fertiliser was loaded into the containers, and they were driven to barge vessels on the Yangtze River.

The trip down China's busiest inland waterway took eight days.

The container finally arrived in Shanghai on May 27 and a truck delivered it to the world's busiest port.