CHINA IS MINING ITS WAY INTO ARUNACHAL

Large-scale gold mining by China near Arunachal which is encouraging Tibetan herders to settle along the border; this is part of a long-term strategy to exercise control over border areas

China has begun largescale mining operations on its side of the border with Arunachal Pradesh where a huge trove of gold, silver and other precious minerals valued at about US 60 billion has been found, a media report said.

The mine project is being undertaken in Lhunze, a county that adjacent to the Indian border but under Chinese control, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported.

Projecting the mining operations as part of China's move to take over Arunachal, the report said, "People familiar with the project say the mines are part of an ambitious plan to reclaim South Tibet".

China's moves to lay claim to the region's natural resources while rapidly building up infrastructure could turn it into 'another South China Sea,' the report said.

The report with inputs from local officials, Chinese geologists as well as strategic experts comes less than a month after the first ever informal summit between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi Jinping.

Lhunze was in the news last October, two months after Dokalam, when Xi in a rare gesture replied to correspondence from a herding family in Lhunze County underscoring Beijing's claim to the area.

The family is based in Yumai, China's smallest town in terms of population located close to Arunachal Pradesh. Xi thanked the father and his two daughters for their loyalty and contribution to China, and also urged the people of Lhunze to ‘take root’ and develop the area in national interest.

The new-found ores could tip the balance of power between China and India in the Himalayas. Chinese troops withdrew in the 1962 war from the areas in Arunachal as they had no people to hold the territory

The Post report said although mining has been going on in the world's highest mountain range for thousands of years, the challenge of accessing the remote terrain and concerns about environmental damage had until now limited the extent of the activities.

But the unprecedented heavy investment by the Chinese government in roads and other infrastructure in the area has made travel easy.

Most of the precious minerals which include rare earths used to make hi-tech products are hidden in Lhunze, the report said. By the end of last year, the scale of mining activity in Lhunze had surpassed that of all other areas in Tibet.

People have poured into the area so fast that even local government officials could not provide a precise count for the current population, it said.

"Enormous, deep tunnels have been dug into the mountains along the military confrontation line, allowing thousands of tonnes of ore to be loaded and transported out by trucks daily, along roads built through every village," it said.

Extensive power lines and communication networks have been established, while construction is under way on an airport that can handle passenger jets, it said.

With more mines being dug in Lhunze and surroundings, a county official told the Post that more than 80 per cent of the county government's tax income came from mining.

The mines would also lead to a situation akin to "another South China Sea" arising out of the world's highest mountain range, it said.

Zheng Youye, a professor at the China University of Geosciences in Beijing and the lead scientist for a Beijing-funded northern Himalayan minerals survey, confirmed to the Post that a series of discoveries in recent years put the potential value of ores under Lhunze and the nearby area at 370 billion yuan (USD 58 billion).

"This is just a preliminary estimate. More surveys are underway," he said.

The new-found ores could tip the balance of power between China and India in the Himalayas. Chinese troops withdrew in the 1962 war from the areas in Arunachal Pradesh as they had no people to hold the territory.

The new mining activities would lead to a rapid and significant increase in the Chinese population in the Himalayas, Zheng said, which would provide stable, long-term support for any diplomatic or military operations aimed at gradually driving Indian forces out of territory claimed by China.

"This is similar to what has happened in the South China Sea," where Beijing has asserted its claim to much of the contested waters by building artificial islands and increasing its naval activity, he said.