The fUTURe of cash is Blockchain
How to connect the world through digital cash.
Many of you may have read my book, The Gist of GSTN, wherein I had proposed embedding blockchain as part of the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) foundation. This would enable many verticals to flourish on top of GSTN database, giving rise to better logistics/forecasting/inventory management, etc. Perhaps taking cognizance of this, the 2018 Union of India Budget mentions the use of Blockchain in Section 112 as follows: “112. …The Government will explore use of block chain technology proactively for ushering in digital economy.”
Blockchain is a proven technology whose uses are just getting discovered. And it can solve a big problem that developing countries face. Here is an idea whose time has come. In the current financial system, it is very expensive to be poor and restrictive to be rich. An expatriate working in Dubai should be able to manage payments for his family liv- ing in India, by the click of a smartphone. After all, he/she is the earner and should have the decision making power in how the money repatriated is spent too. Today this is not possible, because of the overheads involved. To complicate things further, a significant amount of remittances from the Gulf to India is via the hawala route, not the traditional banking channel. This raises a couple of concerns from a governance point of view: 1. Government does not know the source of the money coming via the hawala route—it could be legit or it could be of dubious origin. Hawala op- erators can mix real currency with counterfeit and pollute the system. 2. It is difficult to judge the amount of money in the system, thereby making it difficult to make macro-economic decisions.
What if the transfer of money takes place in seconds? At a fraction of the current transaction costs? With full compliance of Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti Money Laundering (AML)? Does such a system exist? Small or Big, enabling ac- cess to money in a seamless, secure manner is what Liquineq AG (LQQ), a Swiss startup, does. Its unique regulation compliant solution of Digital Cashier’s/Banker’s Draft and Digital Traveller’s Cheques™ as payment means has huge potential to create upward mobility for tens if not hundreds of millions of people, as well as increase velocity for financial institutions. Because it is a digital cashier’s cheque, it is automatically in compliance with the laws of most countries. As adoption increases, the need to have paper currency reduces significantly. Bye, bye, counterfeit currency! No more black money! Government can gradually bring down the fiat currency notes and corruption will also go down with it. After all, it would be elementary to catch the bribe. Make payments and money transfers by sending a digital form of cashier’s cheque that is robust, secure and fast, with transactions across countries being done in a matter of seconds. No amount is too small, no sum too large—from local to international, payments and end- to- end money transfers can be transacted from one’s smartphone, in the comfort of one’s home, 24x7. Now one can have one’s own branch of one’s bank in one’s pocket and track the progress of one’s payments, money transfers, investments, and loans. All transactions are recorded/ catalogued and stored away. By using Blockchain creatively, it is possible to minimise the need for heavy computing power. Multitiering the blockchain and allowing for creating subblocks so that the system is efficient. Figure 1 is an example of a multi-tiered blockchain set-up.
For most people, normal transactions occur within their community— you would pay your local grocer, milk vendor, flower vendor, water bill etc., all of whom might be in the same community. For instance, if a person lives in Thane, then most transactions would take place among members in the Thane blockchain, a sub-block of Mumbai blockchain, which in itself might be a sub-block of Maharashtra blockchain. By allowing multi-tiering, the transac- tion time can be lowered to just a few seconds. All records are kept and maintained for audit later. The technology works even in areas where network access is spotty. You will never need to carry your wallet (instead you will have a digital wallet in your smartphone). Ashok works in Dubai, in an engineering firm. His extended family lives in Pune and he would like to fund the family expenses on a need-to basis. He can afford to do so, thanks to the new blockchain technology that has obscenely low transaction fees. No more bulk remittances at the beginning of the month. Alternatively, he could remit all of his salary into his Indian bank account and draw his expenses only when needed. Either way all transactions are KYC/AML compliant; it is as if Ashok has a bank in his Smartphone. For more, see Figure 2.
The India based bank has a countrywide blockchain that manages the countryto-country transaction. For an inter-country transaction (e.g. India to Dubai), the Indian bank using India Blockchain, would move through a Global Blockchain to the Dubai based bank (in turn using Dubai Blockchain). The transfer activity would be logged on all three blockchains (India, Dubai and Global).
This technology, currently being tested in Philippines and Nigeria is coming to India soon. It has the potential of causing a tectonic shift in the way banking is done. With this ambitious move, Liquineq will change the banking industry as we know it. Disclosure: Sree M. Iyer is part of Team Liquineq and is its Chief Solutions Officer.
By using Blockchain creatively, it is possible to minimise the need for heavy computing power. Multi-tiering the blockchain and allowing for creating sub-blocks so that the systEm Is EFfiCIEnt. Figure 1 is an example of a multi-tiered blockchain set-up.