42 MACHINE LEARNING
The pretty city of Zurich is quietly becoming a world-leading destination for robotics, artificial intelligence and cognitive computing. Jenny Southan reports
From robotics to artificial intelligence, Zurich has become a future-shaping hotspot for innovation
There is something uncanny about the way this dog-like robot moves – its skeletal frame whirs loudly as it marches on the spot, then moves side to side, and around in a circle in a strange dance. Built by a team in the Robotic Systems Lab at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), assistant professor Marco Hutter says the “ANYmal” is his newest creation.
Not only can it run but climb, crouch and jump. “We wanted to make something that was optimal from a robotics point of view,” he says.“We put springs in all the joints so we can use it in all sorts of environments. ”As part of a pilot project, the ANYmal has been put to work on offshore oil and gas platforms where it can go about inspection tasks (often dangerous for humans) completely autonomously thanks to laser sensors and cameras.
I ask how it compares with the robot that was sent to Mars.“In general, space technology is very old,”says Hutter, walking me down the corridor and pointing to a dusty old unit on caterpillar tracks.“This was part of a study we were doing for the European Space Agency. But wheels are boring – legs are the future.”
INTELLIGENCE HUB
Founded in 1854, the ETH is Switzerland’s answer to MIT. Ranked one of the best universities in the world, more than 20 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to its alumni over the years, including Albert Einstein in 1921. Today it has 20,000 students and an annual budget of Sfr 1.7 billion (£1.4 billion), funded by taxpayers.“That is part of the reason the ETH is the best,” says professor Peter Seitz, a “sherpa” from its Innovation and Entrepreneurship Lab (IE Lab).
In a warehouse on the Science City campus, a short drive north-west of the old town, architects are using giant mechanical arms to explore new construction techniques that employ nothing more than loops of yarn and pebbles, for example, or 3D printed concrete. Upstairs is the Arch Tech Lab, a vast, light-filled space with an undulating roof of 48,000 wooden beams that was built entirely by a single gantry robot. Aleksandra Anna Apolinarska, an architect in the Gramazio Kohler Research Lab at the ETH Zurich, says the days of mass production are behind us.“We think it is time for mass customisation.”
From self-driving cars to augmented reality, the ETH is forging a new tomorrow in myriad ways.
And with the help of Seitz’s IE Lab, students have the opportunity to take ideas from the research stage to market. Between 1996 and 2016, 355 spinoff companies have been founded at the ETH, a number of which have been in the field of robotics.
Verity Studios, for example, designs magical quadcopter drones that are being used in Cirque du Soleil’s Paramour show on Broadway, while Wingtra builds autonomous fixed-wing planes that take off and land like helicopters, and can be used for anything from filming to wildlife protection. Close to the ETH, Disney has a research lab that opened in 2010, and is putting its efforts into video of the future. In Oerlikon is the HQ of established industrial robotics giant ABB. It’s no wonder that Chris Anderson, CEO of 3D Robotics and former editor-in-chief of Wired, has dubbed Zurich“the Silicon Valley of Robotics”.
TALENT CONTEST
In 2016, Switzerland was ranked first in Cornell University’s Global Innovation Index, and Zurich came second in the Mercer Quality of Living survey, significantly ahead of San Francisco (28th position).
Unsurprisingly, over the decades, the ETH has provided a compelling reason for big companies to locate themselves in pretty little Zurich, a city of just 380,000 people that has grown into a global hub for banking, finance and innovation. The IBM Research Lab was the first from the company outside the US when it opened here in 1956.
Chris Sciacca, IBM Research’s communications manager for EMEA, says:“We now have four main buildings including the Nano Technology Centre, which is the newest and the most cutting-edge. To build such a facility just 15km from a major city is unheard of. Normally the science that you will see in there takes place in the middle of the desert or mountains, away from interference.”
He adds: “We chose Switzerland because of the access to talent and skills that the country affords us. The standard of living is very good and the government is fantastic at supporting science and innovation with grants. It is very stable, democratic and open. All this means you can attract the best and the brightest.”
From his pocket, Sciacca pulls a gold medallion. It’s one of IBM Zurich’s four Nobel Prizes, two of which were won in the mid 1980s for the invention of high temperature superconductivity and the nanoscale microscope.“Up until this you really couldn’t see atoms and molecules with good resolution. You can really point to the 30-year history of nanotechnology in Switzerland to this invention,” he says.
At lunchtime, we pop over to the self-service cafeteria for a bite to eat. Our fellow diners are mostly men but Sciacca tells me a healthy percentage are university students, professors and interns.“They sit side-by-side with [IBM employees] and can collaborate with us in a very open environment. Where you want to do high-tech science and innovation, this is vitally important,” he says. Alessandro Curioni, IBM fellow, vice-president Europe and director of IBM Research Zurich, agrees: “When you start to connect to other disciplines and cultural mindsets, that is where you grow.”
INDEPENDENT THINKING
The level of innovation going on at IBM is mindblowing – in 2016, its inventors were awarded a record 8,088 patents in the US alone, more than any other company (Samsung was in second place with 5,518 and Canon third with 3,665). Interestingly, more than 2,700 patents were related to artificial intelligence, machine learning and cloud computing. In between forkfuls of risotto, Curioni gives me a crash course in cognitive computing.
He says: “The way we interact with computers is changing. First it was tabular computing, then the programming era, now it is natural language. The ability to analyse unstructured data [such as images and sounds] will accelerate by an order of magnitude the research and development in every field, including aviation and space travel.”
The new Cognitive era began in 2011, when IBM’s Watson super-computer won US TV quiz show Jeopardy. Eleni Pratsini, director of cognitive IoT solutions at IBM Research, says: “One of the rules of the game was that Watson was not connected to the internet so scientists had to feed it hundreds of books and teach it to reason like a human, to understand riddles, puns and subtle connotations.”
The breadth of this human-like AI, which can make associations and learn, has since been expanded – now you can logon to ibm.com/watson/ developercloud and access more than 60 versions of Watson in the form of individual APIs created for specific tasks such as image recognition and personality insight. Want to build your own chat bot? Download the Conversation API and get to work. Hilton is already using the technology to power Connie, its robotic concierge in Virginia (see our feature on high-tech hotels, page 20).
Last year IBM’s Matthias Reumann, from the company’s cognitive healthcare department, began using Watson to help Germany’s “Dr House”, Jurgen Schafer, to diagnose rare diseases. Reumann says:
WHERE TO STAY
Just 4km from the airport, in the up-and-coming business district of Glattpark, visitors can check themselves into the 245-room, five-star Kameha Grand (kamehagrandzuerich.com), a two-year-old hotel from Marriott’s Autograph Collection. Bringing together the surreal and the luxurious, it has a cigar and shisha lounge, a Michelin-starred restaurant, striking event space for 960 people, and a dozen themed suites including the Gentleman, Watchmaker and Workout suite. The highlight, however, is the Space suite.
Designed by German artist Michael Najjar – who is in training for the inaugural Virgin Galactic flight – the 115 sqm windowless “space station” has a seemingly floating zerogravity bed, silver furniture, astronaut artwork and an iPad installed with movies such as Star Wars and Moon that can be streamed to the TV via Airplay.
The 39-room boutique Marktgasse (marktgassehotel.ch/en) in the old town is equally suited to tech-minded entrepreneurs but in an entirely different way. The renovated 15th-century building has a superb street-level café serving healthy Ottolenghi-style food throughout the day, a chic speakeasy for sophisticated cocktails, a trendy brasserie and a library for communal working. It has the cosy feel of staying in someone’s house, with simple rooms supplied with Aesop bathing products and comfortable beds, plus Nespresso machines and Geneva sound systems in the suites. Like the Kameha Grand, free wifi is available throughout. See businesstraveller.com/tried-and-tested for full reviews.