Iran Daily

How odors are turned into long-term memories

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The neuroscien­tists Dr. Christina Strauch and Dr. Denise Manahan-vaughan from the Ruhruniver­sidad Bochum have investigat­ed which brain area is responsibl­e for storing odors as long-term memories. Some odors can trigger memories of experience­s from years back, sciencedai­ly.com reported.

The current study shows that the piriform cortex, a part of the olfactory brain, is involved in the process of saving those memories; the mechanism, however, only works in interactio­n with other brain areas. The findings have been published in the journal Cerebral Cortex.

Christina Strauch, said, “It is known that the piriform cortex is able to temporaril­y store olfactory memories. We wanted to know, if that applies to longterm memories as well.”

Artificial stimulatio­n sensation

the chilly outdoors compared to a balmy gym does more for your health than shrink your waistline.

David Wiener, personal trainer and training specialist

through

Synaptic plasticity is responsibl­e for the storing of memories in the memory structures of the brain: During that process the communicat­ion between neurons is altered by means of a process called synaptic plasticity, so that a memory is created.

Strauch and Manahan-vaughan examined if the piriform cortex of rats is capable of expressing synaptic plasticity and if this change lasts for more than four hours; indicating that longterm memory may have been establishe­d. more of it naturally via the sun.

This can also reduce risk of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), according to Saranya Madina, fitness academy trainer at Nuffield Health.

Signal from a higher brain area needed

The scientists wondered whether the piriform cortex needs to be instructed to create a long-term memory.

They then stimulated a higher brain area called the orbitofron­tal cortex, which is responsibl­e for the discrimina­tion of sensory experience­s.

This time the stimulatio­n of the brain area generated the desired change in the piriform cortex.

Strauch said, “Our study shows that the piriform cortex is indeed able to serve as an archive for long-term memories.

But it needs instructio­n from the orbitofron­tal cortex — a higher brain area — indicating that an event is to be stored as a long-term memory.” and cool-down movements are crucial to keeping the body in shape, especially if you’re exercising in cold conditions.

“Keeping the body loose, limber and warm for a cold weather workout can help prevent painful twists, sprains, tears and other injuries.”

Additional­ly, you should see a doctor first if you have an existing heart condition.

He said, “Working out in the cold places extra stress on your cardiovasc­ular system.”

Wiener added that it is also important to stay hydrated.

He added, “The body continues to sweat, but that sweat evaporates more quickly, making it seem as though the body is losing less water

“Drinking water before, during and after a workout will help maintain peak performanc­e, protect the body from injury and stay warm.”

Madina added that clothing is also crucial.

She said, “It may seem an obvious one but it’s important for people to dress in layers which are easy to remove when they start to sweat but can also be readded if needed.

“A thin layer of synthetic material (not cotton which stays wet) followed by a fleece or wool layer for insulation followed by a breathable, waterproof layer is advisable.

“Try and keep the hands, feet, head and ears well protected as these areas are most susceptibl­e to frostbite.”

 ??  ?? express.co.uk Gym workout: Outdoor workouts can help you top up on vitamin D.
express.co.uk Gym workout: Outdoor workouts can help you top up on vitamin D.

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