Europe’s plans for Iran trade announce independence from Trump’s policy

Just for an example of the challenge the Trump administration faces in isolating Iran economically, Iranian trade with Denmark grew 11 percent in 2017, but the kicker is that Iranian exports to Denmark grew nearly 38 percent, giving Iran a highly favorable balance of payments.

Denmark is a conservative, small northern European country that belongs to NATO. But like much of Europe it has embraced the 2015 nuclear deal, which removed international economic sanctions on Tehran.

The Republicans in the US Congress have never accepted that deal and have tried to spike it by keeping US sanctions on Iran and, mafia-like, threatening third parties who trade with Iran. But the world increasingly just doesn’t care.

Denmark and Iran did $320 million in trade last year and that is small potatoes compared to what the rest of Europe has in mind.

France, Belgium, Italy and other European countries are setting up state-backed Euro-denominated investment and trade pipelines that avoid US currency and banks.

The Treasury Department has been using the dollar’s status as the world’s reserve currency to punish European companies that do business with Iran in dollars and using US banks and exchanges.

But if all US instruments are avoided, then Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control has little recourse in international courts and is defanged. Italy alone is planning to invest $5 billion in Iran.

This concerted European economic surge toward Iran has outraged and angered National Security Adviser H. R. Mcmaster as well as the Israeli, Saudi and the UAE governments, who are hoping to convince the world to reestablish economic sanctions on Iran despite the JCPOA or nuclear accord.

In the region, Iran has a hugely beneficial trade surplus with Iraq, sending it over $6 billion in goods a year, but buying only a few millions worth in return.

Iranian trade with Thailand and Indonesia has also surged, and China, India and Turkey continue to ignore Washington’s increasingly idiosyncratic ‘war’ against Iran.

In fact, despite a halving of Iran-india trade in the past four years owing to sanctions, India now has plans for a huge expansion of trade with Iran, and for using Iran’s Chabahar Port to gain access to the Central Asian and Russian markets.

US pressure on Iran is not insignificant and does slow its economic progress. But if you tallied up wins and losses, there does not seem much question that Iran is gradually winning.

That progress by Tehran is because of the nuclear accord, which reassured most of the world. Tehran should stick with it.

* Juan Cole is the Richard P. Mitchell Collegiate Professor of History at the University of Michigan.