Ancient Iranian civilization
Khorramabad Valley. Throughout history, Khorramabad city has been the pathway of the Seljuk, Hasanuyid, Sassanid, Atabek, Safavid, Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties.
For the last 100 years, archeologists have surveyed Khorramabad Valley. The ancient and historical studies related to the Stone and Copper Ages are very few, and most studies are related to the Paleolithic Period, cave exploration, rock shelters, Shapurkhast City and Aàak Castle.
Historians, archeologists, and scholars have been studying Iranian civilization in Khorramabad Valley for many years. The results of all their ¿ndings indicate Khorramabad’s particular characteristics. In 1950, Henry Field collected stone tools related to the Paleolithic period in Konji Cave of Khorramabad. In 1975, Wright and his colleagues discovered the potteries in Konji Cave; according to the research group, these objects are related to Godin Period.
Archeological evidence of Copper Age in Khorramabad Valley indicates that there had been disruptions in its history. This area had its own unique features, including a particular local culture, making it different from other areas in the Zagros region.
Climate, geography Khorramabad Valley of
Khorramabad is a city with a mountainous climate and pristine landscapes. The city overlooks Boroujerd and Selseleh counties from the north, Aligoudarz and Doroud counties from the east, Andimeshk County of Khuzestan Province from the south and the counties around Pol-e Dokhtar County from the west.
The climate of Khorramabad Valley is Mediterranean and moderate, and the rainfall is relatively higher than other surrounding cities. The semi-humid climates of the region have led to the emergence of a variety of plant species and underground springs within the city. In winter, the amount of humidity and precipitation in the valley reaches its maximum.
According to meteorological reports, the maximum temperature in Khorramabad Valley is 47°C, the minimum is -47°C and the average is 17.2°C. It has a semi-humid climate with hot summers and relatively cold winters.
Khorramabad Valley is in drought conditions approximately half of the year; the period of drought ends in the middle of November. Rainfall, temperature changes during the day and night and humidity are the most important factors affecting the climate diversity and vegetation of the area, making it a desirable living area from a long time ago.
Monuments: Symbol ancient Iranian civilizations Khorramabad valley of in
Khorramabad Valley is one of the most beautiful regions in Iran that houses many impressive ancient builds. Here are the most important attractions of the valley in Lorestan Province:
● Falak-ol-aàak Castle: The construction of this gigantic structure dates back to the Sassanid Empire. The current castle was repaired around the 13th century.
● Sang Nebeshteh: The word means ‘Epigraphy’ in Persian. This is a stone inscription written in Ku¿c and Persian scripts. The construction of the ancient structure dates back to the Seljuk era in the 12th century.
● Gerdab-e Sangi: This historic stone-made cistern has remained from Sassanid era, around the third century.
● Brick Minaret: With a height of 30 meters and its 99 stairs, this historical minaret is located on a rocky platform. The structure dates back to the 10th century.
● Shapouri Bridge: The bridge is also known as the broken bridge and dates back to the Sassanid era.
● Gap Complex: This historical bath dates back to the Safavid era.
● Shoja’eddin Khorshid Shrine: This building was constructed during the Safavid and the Hazaraspids dynasties; it coincided with the reign of Shujaeddin Khorshid.
● Brick Bridge: The bridge dates back to the Safavid era.
● Shahanshah Caravansary: This building was constructed during the Safavid era.
Importance of Khorramabad Valley in formation of ancient Iranian civilization in western Iran
The rise and fall of different dynasties and governments in Khorramabad has led to the emergence of historic remains and cultures in the area. All tourist attractions located in Khorramabad Valley are related to different periods of Iranian history. Here are two objective examples:
● The historical and magni¿cent castle of Falak-ol-aàak dates back to the Sassanid era.
● Brick Minaret belongs to the 10th century and Sang Nebeshteh dates back to the 12th century.
The various structures related to different historical periods in Khorramabad Valley indicates how the ancient Iranian civilizations formed in this region of Lorestan Province.
The favorable temperature and humidity required for farming and sedentism in this area of the Iranian plateau were among the climatic factors affecting the formation of ancient Iranian civilization in Western Iran.
The culture and traditional clothing of the people of Khorramabad, predominantly Lurs, indicate mainly the richness of the ancient civilization of the region.
Women’s costume in Khorramabad includes beautiful head covers and long dresses with attractive colors. Lur men’s costume includes a headwear, a suit, and local Lorestan trousers.
So, all of the costumes reàect the long history of the native culture of clothing in the valley. Of course, younger people wear colorful clothes and elders prefer darker ones.