Dealing with burns Stop the burning process and cool the skin

Rule of Nines

TOTAL body surface area is used as a tool to measure burns. The Rule of Nines determines the total percentage of area burned.

The body is divided into sections, each representing a percentage. The palmar rule may also be useful in determining the area burnt: the palmar surface of the patient’s hand is equivalant to 1% of total skin surface area.

Treatment

Whatever the cause of the burn, the first aider must stop the burning process at the source and cool the burn.

Treatment of major burns

1. Check to ensure the scene is safe. 2. Call for help (112 or 999). 3. Terminate the burning process at source. 4. If required, remove clothing provided that clothes are not stuck to the burn. 5. Remove any jewellery. 6. Use clean, cold water to rinse the affected area. If burn gel is available in your first aid kit, use this and gently apply a bandage or layer with cling film. 7. Prevent chilling of the patient. 8. Watch and treat for shock where required. 9. Minimise risk of infection by using standard infection control precautions throughout.

Treatment of minor burns

A minor burn is an isolated superficial injury to any part of the body other than critical areas. Ensure localised cooling of burn area for approximately 15 minutes. Remove jewellery if possible. Apply a dressing or cover the affected area once cooling is complete.

Never

Apply ice DIRECTLY to the burn. Apply any greasy substances (e.g. butter). Apply adhesive dressing. Burst any blisters.