E-cigs are bad for the lungs despite being touted as safe
THEY’VE been sold as a weapon in the battle against smoking – but e-cigarettes may not be as safe as users have been led to believe, scientists have warned.
Research suggests vaping triggers the production of damaging inflammatory chemicals in the airways.
When inhaled, vaping liquid condenses in the lungs and seems to disable key protective cells, according to a new study.
The lead scientist behind the research last night urged ‘cautious scepticism’ over the safety of the devices.
The new findings, published in the BMJ Thorax journal, suggests vaping over time may lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, a disabling condition commonly associated with smoking tobacco.
Lead author Professor David Thickett, an expert in respiratory medicine, said: ‘There’s certainly an agenda to portray e-cigarettes as safe.’
He stressed tobacco remains more dangerous than vaping but added: ‘We should have a cautious scepticism that they are as safe as we are being led to believe.’
Though most health experts view e-cigarettes as a crucial tool in the fight against tobacco, there is particular concern about their use among the young.
E-cigarettes contain a liquid form of nicotine that is heated into vapour to be inhaled, avoiding the
‘Something we need to know’
harm caused by tobacco smoke.
Professor Thicket of the University of Birmingham said: ‘E-cigarettes are safer in terms of cancer risk, but if you vape for 20 or 30 years and this can cause COPD, then that’s something we need to know about.’
His study, funded by the British Lung Foundation, assessed the effect of e-cigarette vapour on healthy lung tissue samples donated by non-smokers.
Many studies have focused on the chemical make-up of e-cigarette liquid before it is vaped, the researchers said. So the team devised a mechanical procedure to mimic vaping and produce condensate from the vapour.
A third of the tissue was exposed to plain e-cigarette fluid, a third to different strengths of the artificially vaped condensate with and without nicotine, and a third to nothing for 24 hours.
The results showed that the condensate was significantly more harmful to the cells than e-cigarette fluid and that these effects worsened as the ‘dose’ increased.
The ability of cells exposed to vaped condensate to engulf bacte- ria was significantly impaired.
In Ireland, guidelines by the Department of Health require packaging of e-cigarettes or refills to prominently feature health warnings.
In addition, its guidelines prohibit the packaging from including ‘an element or feature which promotes consumption by containing information or statements that create an erroneous impression of its characteristics, health effects risks or emissions’.
However, in the UK, Public Health England has backed them since it declared in a landmark report in 2015 that they were ‘around 95% less harmful than smoking’.
Last October it promoted e-cigarettes as part of its annual ‘Stoptober’ quit smoking campaign.
However, another official body, the clinical guidelines watchdog NICE, has told GPs not to recommend e-cigarettes as there is limited evidence over their safety.
Professor Jonathan Grigg of Queen Mary University of London, said: ‘The argument that, since vaping is better than smoking cigarettes, any effects of vape on lung cells are not important – is increasingly becoming a specious one.’
Martin Dockrell of Public Health England insisted: ‘E-cigarettes are not 100% risk free but they are clearly much less harmful than smoking.’
NICE guidelines to GPs last year told them to offer patients nicotine patches and counselling instead of e-cigarettes. The Health Department has adopted a middle ground, pledging to ‘evaluate critically’ the evidence around e-cigs’.