N. Korean prices stable, but some gas stations close
SEOUL (Reuters) – Some of North Korea’s state-run gasoline stations are restricting sales or appear to have closed, visitors said last Wednesday, ahead of a UN Security Council meeting to discuss tougher sanctions on the isolated state that could include curbs on oil imports.
Nevertheless, diesel and gasoline prices quoted by private traders were stable, with supply continuing uninterrupted, according to data compiled by Reuters and interviews with North Korean defectors.
“I’ve noticed a few [state-owned] gas stations around town that are closed,” said Rowan Beard of Young Pioneer Tours, a China-based company that takes Western tourists to North Korea.
“Cars now have a limit of 15 kilograms [about 20 liters] of fuel,” he told Reuters in a message from North Korea. “It’s been like this for 15 days. Vehicles which are used for work purposes have special exceptions.”
Another source traveling in the remote northeast area of Rason said official gasoline prices there had surged or that fuel was being rationed.
But a Reuters analysis of data collected by Daily NK, a website run by defectors who collect prices via phone calls with North Korean fuel traders, said the price of gasoline sold by private dealers in Pyongyang and the northern border cities of Sinuiju and Hyesan had remained relatively stable since late last year, at around $1 per kg., or $1.34 per liter.
The price of diesel has averaged at 58 US cents per kg. (about 68 cents per liter) as of April 21, compared with 68 cents at the beginning of the year, according to the data.
Fuel is sold by weight in North Korea.
The North Korean government is likely the country’s largest consumer of fuel products, but most gasoline and diesel bought by ordinary North Koreans is supplied by private dealers and smugglers, experts say.
North Korea consumes relatively little oil, but curbing or cutting off its supplies in retaliation for further nuclear or long-range missile tests would be painful and potentially destabilizing to the regime of Kim Jong Un.
North Korean domestic fuel prices have surged in the past over fears that sanctions could affect supply. In March 2016, even private fuel prices rose by over 45% just before UN sanctions were imposed following Pyongyang’s fourth nuclear test.
OTHER FACTORS
But there could be other factors at play for the current short supply at government-owned pumps.
Fuel in North Korea is often prioritized for government or military vehicles, especially ahead of national holidays, of which there have been two recently: April 15, to commemorate the birth anniversary of state founder Kim Il Sung; and April 25, the 85th anniversary of the founding of its military.
Prices also tend to rise ahead of the rice-planting season, traditionally the first week of May, defectors speaking to sources inside North Korean markets said.
China supplies most of North Korea’s fuel needs, with some coming from Russia.
Sources familiar with China’s fuel exports to North Korea said there were no signs of China cutting back gasoline shipments, and any rationing could be caused by a shortfall of foreign currency in North Korea as a result of China’s coal embargo.
China stopped buying coal from North Korea in February as part of its efforts to implement UN sanctions.
‘When there’s concern about supplies of fuel or other products, North Korea naturally opens the door to smuggling’
“The coal ban is fatal, as it should be its top revenue earner, which means they’re running short of foreign exchange to buy gasoline,” said one source.
China supplies crude oil and diesel under aid programs to North Korea, but Chinese suppliers normally receive advance hard cash before deliveries of gasoline, the source said.
The stability of market prices, despite the lack of state supply, could also be because North Korea is quietly encouraging fuel smuggling out of fear that an official embargo may be in the works, said Kang Mi-jin, a defector who speaks regularly to market sources inside North Korea and reports commodity prices for Daily NK.
“When there’s concern about supplies of fuel or other products, North Korea naturally opens the door to smuggling,” she said.
Kang, who spoke to a fuel smuggler by phone on the North Korean-Chinese border last Wednesday, said none of her sources inside North Korea had reported a significant rise in fuel prices.