How blood money, diplomacy and desperation are reuniting Palestine
GAZA (Reuters) – A decade on, Rawda al-Zaanoun is at last willing to forgive the gunmen who killed her son during the civil war that split the West Bank and Gaza. It has been painful, but she says it’s time.
“He was hit with a bullet in the back. He was a martyr,” the 54-year-old said at an event in Gaza City to mark the public reconciliation of families of people killed in the war. “The decision was not easy because the blood of our son is precious. But we have given amnesty.”
Her son Ala, a married father of two and an officer in the Palestinian Authority security forces, was killed in June 2007 after he rushed out of his house in Gaza City, having heard that his uncle was injured during clashes between rival Palestinian factions Hamas and Fatah.
Since that war a decade ago, Fatah, led by the secular heirs of Yasser Arafat, has run the West Bank, headed the internationally recognized Palestinian Authority and been responsible for all negotiations with Israel.
Its rivals, the Islamist group Hamas, an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, drove Fatah out of Gaza and has run the tiny coastal strip that is home to two million people, nearly half of the population of the Palestinian territories.
The schism is set to end on Monday, when Hamas hands over control of Gaza to a unity government. Although it agreed to the arrangement three years ago, the decision to implement it now marks a striking reversal for Hamas, which is considered a terrorist group by Israel, the US and most powerful Arab countries.
“Hamas has made big concessions, and every coming concession will be stunning and surprisingly bigger than the one that passed, so that we can conclude reconciliation and this division must end,” said Gaza’s Hamas leader, Yahya Sinwar, during a meeting this week with social media activists.
If Hamas has swallowed a bitter pill by ending the feud, perhaps bitterest of all is the role played by exiled former Gaza security chief Muhammad Dahlan, once Hamas’s fiercest foe who is now a leading player in regional efforts to pull Gaza back into the Palestinian mainstream.
Officials on both sides of the Palestinian divide and in other Arab countries say Dahlan, based since 2011 in the United Arab Emirates, is behind an influx of cash to prop up Gaza, and a detente between Hamas and Arab states including Egypt.
His office did not respond to a Reuters request for comment.
Dahlan’s return to prominence could have consequences for Palestinian politics as profound as the reconciliation itself. As hated as he once was in Gaza for trying to uproot Hamas, he is perhaps even more reviled by the Fatah leadership in Ramallah for challenging the authority of President Mahmoud Abbas. Ambitious and charismatic, he has long been suspected of harboring designs to succeed the 82-year-old Abbas.
Among the initiatives Dahlan has promoted in Gaza is the reconciliation program of families like the Zaanouns and 19 others, who each accepted a $50,000 blood money payment from an Egyptian-Emirati charity fund in return for publicly renouncing the demand to avenge the deaths of their sons.
Old wounds will be hard to salve. Activists on both sides hold memories of their enemies shooting out kneecaps or torturing each other in partisan prisons.
Zaanoun said her family took the decision to reconcile, despite their intense grief over the loss of their son, “for the sake of preventing bloodshed, for the sake of blockaded Gaza and for the sake of Palestine.”
Dahlan has raised millions more, financing mass weddings for hundreds of young couples and distributing cash aid for several thousand needy families.
He has also used a close relationship with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi in particular to regain his influence. Sisi, who took power by toppling a president from Hamas’s Muslim Brotherhood allies, controls Gaza’s only non-Israeli frontier and the keys to its prosperity.
“Dahlan worked hard, together with his contacts in Egyptian intelligence and sometimes with direct intervention from Sisi,” a Gulf source who asked not to be named told Reuters.
The strategy may be gaining him good will: an opinion poll last week by the West Bank-based Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey showed that those who still support Fatah in Gaza are shifting their loyalty to Dahlan. His popularity among Gazans, the survey said, has risen over the past nine months from 9% to 23%.
The handover of Gaza suggests Dahlan’s allies in Egypt and the UAE realize that any bid to put the Palestinian house in order, for now at least, needs unity.
“Every time anyone speaks to [Israeli Prime Minister] Benjamin Netanyahu, he would say how can you reach a solution when the Palestinians are splintered?” the Gulf source added.
“The reconciliation is an effort by several like-minded countries looking for a comprehensive solution,” he added.
Short of funds and friends, Hamas may have few options but to make concessions. For years it had modest but stable economic backing by Islamic-leaning Turkey and the wealthy Gulf Arab state of Qatar, where Hamas houses its headquarters.
But in recent months its friends, especially Qatar, have been on the back foot. Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE have imposed an economic and diplomatic boycott on Doha over alleged support of terrorists, including, in their reckoning, Hamas.
Three conflicts with the Jewish state left many civilian neighborhoods in Gaza pulverized. Rebuilding has been thwarted by the Israeli-Egyptian blockade, which Sisi has the power to ease.
Hamas figures blame Abbas, Fatah and Dahlan for encouraging Egypt and other Arab countries to keep the economic pressure on, forcing Hamas to agree to the reconciliation.
“One of our reasons was to spare our people this suffering which this time was made by Palestinian hands,” Hamas official Sami Abu Zuhri told Reuters.