Assad’s forces gain ground in eastern Ghouta
Turkey says it has captured town in Afrin • UN Human rights chief cites likely ‘war crimes’
BEIRUT/ISTANBUL (Reuters) – Syrian government forces gained more ground in an assault on eastern Ghouta near Damascus on Saturday as they seek to eliminate the last major rebel enclave near the capital, a war monitor and a news service run by Lebanon’s Hezbollah said.
On another front in the multi-sided war, Turkey said it had captured a Kurdish town in the northwestern Afrin region where it has been fighting the Kurdish YPG militia since January, helped by allied Syrian fighters.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the Turkish offensive was gathering pace, and Turkish jets hit pro-government forces for the third time in 48 hours in the area, killing 36 of them. The pro-government forces are allied to the YPG.
The Syrian war, which has killed hundreds of thousands of people since 2011, has escalated on several fronts this year as the collapse of Islamic State has given way to other conflicts between Syrian and international parties.
The UN Security Council demanded a 30-day countrywide cease-fire a week ago, but this has failed to take effect.
Damascus, backed by Russia and Iran, has been waging one of the deadliest offensives of the war in eastern Ghouta, killing hundreds of people in a fierce air and artillery bombardment over the last two weeks.
Ground forces, including the army’s elite Tiger Force, have been attacking from the eastern edge of the besieged enclave, where the United Nations says 400,000 people live.
The Observatory said they had taken almost complete control of the town of al-Shayfouniya on Saturday.
The Jaish al-Islam rebel group said in a statement its fighters had withdrawn from positions in two areas, one of them in al-Shayfouniya, due to intense bombardment. It accused Syrian President Bashar Assad and Russia of waging a “scorched earth” campaign.
The military news service run by Hezbollah, an Iran-backed Lebanese group that fights on Assad’s side, named three other areas it said the Syrian Army had captured at the eastern and southeastern rim of the rebel enclave.
With no sign of decisive Western pressure to halt the assault, eastern Ghouta appears on course to fall to the much more heavily armed government side, which has recaptured many other areas using the same military tactics.
Russia has called for daily, five-hour “humanitarian” cease-fires in eastern Ghouta, and says rebels have prevented civilians from leaving. Rebels deny this. The US State Department has called the Russian plan a “joke.”
The UN high commissioner for human rights said in an emergency meeting of the United Nations Human Rights Council on Friday in Geneva that events in eastern Ghouta likely included “war crimes and potentially crimes against humanity.”
Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein said the perpetrators of such crimes in Syria should know they were being identified and that dossiers were being built for future prosecutions.
The UN Security Council called on February 24 for a 30-day cease-fire in eastern Ghouta.
“Despite this rare example of unanimity, civilians in eastern Ghouta have reported that air strikes and shelling continue,” Zeid told the Geneva rights forum during an urgent debate held at Britain’s request.
“Once again, I must emphasize that what we are seeing, in eastern Ghouta and elsewhere in Syria, are likely war crimes, and potentially crimes against humanity. Civilians are being pounded into submission or death.”
Zeid repeated his call for the situation in Syria to be referred to the International Criminal Court, adding: “Attempts to thwart justice and shield these criminals are disgraceful.”
Syria’s ally Russia has blocked previous efforts in the Security Council to refer the situation to the Hague-based ICC.
Hussam Aala, Syria’s ambassador in Geneva, said that Zeid was “selective and biased” and that the debate was “politicized.”
Damascus says it is fighting terrorists who have escalated their shelling of government-held areas of the capital.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says the government bombardment of Ghouta has killed more than 600 people since February 18, while intensified rebel shelling of government-held areas has killed 27.
Turkey has rejected Western calls for it to suspend the Afrin assault in line with the UN cease-fire, which does not apply to Islamic State, al-Qaida and groups associated with it, or other groups deemed terrorists by the Security Council.
Turkey views the YPG as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), which has fought a three-decade insurgency in Turkey and is deemed a terrorist group by the United States, the European Union and Turkey. The YPG has been an important ally for the United States in the fight against Islamic State.
While the Syrian government has been at odds with the US-allied Kurdish YPG in some parts of Syria, it has chosen to ally with it in the fight with Turkey in Afrin.
The Observatory said Turkish warplanes struck the pro-government “popular” forces at a camp in Kafr Jina.
The Syrian Democratic Forces, a YPG-led militia alliance, said in a statement that Turkish air strikes had targeted positions held by the Syrian Army’s “popular forces” from 5 a.m. until 10 a.m.
It did not say where or give a death toll.
Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim said his country’s forces had captured the town of Rajo from terrorists, while the military said in a statement that the army had taken control of seven settlements including Rajo on Saturday.
The Observatory said Turkey was in control of about 70% of the town, which lies about 25 km. northwest of Afrin city.
Yildirim said: “Our soldiers, special forces, gendarmes and Free Syrian Army fighters are advancing toward Afrin step by step.”
The Syrian Democratic Forces statement said a group of Turkish forces and allied Syrian factions had infiltrated Rajo, where clashes were continuing between SDF forces and the attackers.