US TikTok ban ‘could embolden African governments’

TikTok has already been completely blocked in Senegal and Somalia, while there have been calls in Kenya, Egypt and Uganda to follow suit.

The US House of Representatives on 13 March passed a bill that requires TikTok’s Chinese owner ByteDance to sell the social media platform or face a ban in the US, in a move that experts say could “embolden” African leaders to impose similar restrictions on the continent’s fastest-growing platform. Lawmakers in Washington have acted against ByteDance over allegations that the China-based company collects sensitive user data and censors content deemed unacceptable by the Chinese Communist Party – allegations that the company has consistently denied.

The bill would bar app stores from hosting TikTok unless it is sold to a company not based in China. While it is not yet clear whether it will pass the Senate, the bill could have important ramifications for the company’s operations in Africa, where it has proved similarly controversial – although for different reasons – while growing to become the continent’s second most used platform after Facebook.

TikTok’s African controversies

TikTok has faced a serious backlash in Kenya, for example, where a petition called for it to be banned on the grounds that inappropriate content on the app was “eroding” Kenya’s cultural and religious values. While the company managed to avoid an outright ban, TikTok was forced to adopt stronger measures to remove offensive content. It has been completely blocked in Senegal and Somalia, while there have been strong calls in Egypt and Uganda to follow suit.

While US policymakers generally fear the national security implications of Chinese ownership of TikTok and its potential for China to access US user data, the scepticism of African governments, many of whom enjoy warm relations with China, is largely driven by the uncontrolled nature of the platform and its content.

Free speech fears

Rotimi Ogunyemi, a technology lawyer based in Lagos, argues that “in the US, actions against TikTok are often justified on national security grounds, within a legal framework that strongly protects free speech... In contrast, some African governments have pursued bans or regulations of digital platforms for political control or to suppress dissent.”

Mugambi Laibuta, an advocate of the High Court of Kenya and expert in digital law, tells African Business that the US move to ban TikTok could legitimise efforts to restrict social media use in Africa. “We have countries across Africa where the use of social media is effectively outlawed – there are crimes like digital defamation and misuse of computer systems that are used against content creators. You often find this in Tanzania, while Facebook is banned in Uganda, for example,” he says. “This move by the US may embolden countries across Africa considering similar bans.”

Ogunyemi also fears that, should governments in Africa be encouraged to follow the US example, this could have negative economic impacts. “The digital economy in Africa is growing, with young entrepreneurs and content creators leveraging platforms like TikTok for business growth and innovation.”