India’s SC boosts thirsty tech hub

Drought-hit Cape Town heeds call to beat ‘Day Zero’

NEW DELHI, Feb 18, (Agencies): India’s water-starved tech hub Bangalore received a much-needed boost on Friday when the country’s top court altered a river-sharing arrangement in its favour, ruling on a bitter dispute that dates back more than a century.

The Supreme Court said a 2007 ruling by a special tribunal on river-sharing had failed to take into account Bangalore’s growing water needs, and awarded a greater share to the southern state of Karnataka.

Bangalore was once known as India’s garden city for its many lakes and parks, but has developed a serious water shortage in recent years as workers have flocked there to take up jobs in the tech industry.

Known as the Silicon Valley of India, the Karnataka capital now has a population of more than 10 million and is one of the country’s fastest growing cities.

Rampant population growth has left some of its famous lakes so polluted that they regularly catch fire spontaneously.

The river-sharing issue has become hugely emotive in the city. It suffered deadly protests in 2016 when the Supreme Court ordered Karnataka to release extra water from the Cauvery river to ease a shortage in neighbouring Tamil Nadu.

Hundreds of companies were forced to close and public transport services were cancelled as thousands took to the streets.

Mohan Katarki, the lawyer who acted for Karnataka in the case, praised the court’s ruling.

“This case has dragged on for so many years,” he said.

“The verdict will help us plan better. Now the state must forget the past and move on in a peaceful manner.”

Decades of population growth and uncontrolled urbanisation have created a water crisis in India.

The World Resources Institute, a Washington-based research group, says the national supply is predicted to fall to 50 percent below demand by 2030.

The Cauvery rises in Karnataka and flows into the Bay of Bengal through Tamil Nadu.

Its waters – fed by India’s annual June to September monsoon rains – irrigate crops and provide drinking supplies for both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

The modern dispute began in 1974, when an 1892 agreement on the sharing of the waters lapsed.

That was the year when the British Madras presidency, now Tamil Nadu state, forced the Maharaja-ruled Mysore – modern Karnataka state – not to use the Cauvery waters without its permission.

A tribunal set up in 1990 awarded Tamil Nadu 419 billion cubic feet (11.9 billion cubic metres) of the estimated total of 740 billion cubic feet of Cauvery waters. Karnataka was given 270 billion cubic feet. The two states have repeatedly resorted to legal action to win a bigger share of the waters.

Under Friday’s ruling, Karnataka’s share will increase to 285 billion cubic feet. Appasamy Navaneethakrishnan, the lawyer for the Tamil Nadu government in the case, said Friday’s ruling was a setback for the state.

“We will study the judgement in depth and we will take appropriate steps,” he told reporters outside the court.

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Every day, the droughthit South African city of Cape Town takes to social media channels to exhort residents to save on water, giving practical tips such as only flushing the toilet once a day with water already used for showering or washing up.

It appears citizens are largely heeding the call to “beat Day Zero”, the date reservoirs are expected to have shrunk so low authorities will have to shut off taps in the city’s homes, forcing people to queue for water at 200 collection points.

This week, Day Zero was pushed back again until June 4, providing some relief to worried residents. It had previously been predicted as early as April.

Ian Neilson, the city’s executive deputy mayor, said the postponement was due to falling water use for agriculture in the Western Cape region and Capetonians reducing their personal consumption in line with pleas by officials.

At the start of February, the city asked residents to use only 50 litres or less each per day, and provided an online water calculator to help people work out how to do that. For example, a two-minute shower requires an average of 20 litres, but a sponge bath from a basin takes only 3 litres.

The coastal city of about 4 million people has now cut its consumption to 526 million litres per day, about half the more than 1 billion litres used two years ago, Neilson noted.

“If we continue to work as a team to lower our consumption to 450 million litres per day, as required, we will become known as one of the most resilient cities in the world,” he said.

“We are fast becoming a leading example of a large city that is fundamentally changing its relationship with water,” he added in a statement.

Officials and experts agree the threeyear drought that has hit South Africa’s legislative capital – the worst in Cape Town’s recorded history – has shocked the public into a new awareness of the need to conserve water as climate change brings more extreme dry spells.