More evidence fruits and greens good for the brain

Cuts cognitive decline risk

NEW YORK, Dec 9, (RTRS): Middle-aged men who eat lots of fruits and vegetables may be lowering their odds of cognitive problems as they get on in years, compared to peers who don’t consume these foods very often, a US study suggests.

Researchers followed almost 28,000 men for two decades starting when they were 51 years old, on average. Every four years, participants answered questionnaires about their consumption of fruits, vegetables and other foods. They also took tests of thinking and memory skills when they were 73 years old, on average.

Results

Based on those test results, researchers found that by the time they were in their later 70s, men who had regularly eaten the most vegetables over the previous decades were 17 percent less likely to have moderate cognitive problems and 34 percent less likely to have more extensive cognitive deficits than men whose diets contained the least produce.

Fruit consumption, overall, didn’t appear to influence the risk of moderate cognitive problems, but men who drank more orange juice were 47 percent less likely to have extensive cognitive deficits than men who drank the least, the researchers note in the journal Neurology.

“Long-term intake of vegetables (e.g., green leafy, dark orange and red vegetables), fruit (e.g. berry fruits) and fruit juice (e.g. orange juice) may be beneficial for latelife subjective cognitive function among US men,” lead study author Changzheng Yuan of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston said in an email.

Men should still go easy on the orange juice, however.

“The protective role of regular consumption of fruit juice was mainly observed among the oldest men,” Yuan said.

“Since fruit juice is usually high in calories from concentrated fruit sugars, it’s generally best to consume no more than a small glass (four to six ounces) per day,” Yuan added.

To assess the impact of eating habits in middle age on cognitive function later in life, researchers administered questionnaires designed to measure memory and reasoning skills.

Among other things, they asked whether men had trouble remembering things like recent events or items on shopping lists; whether they had trouble following instructions or keeping track of plots on television shows; and whether they got lost on familiar streets.

In these tests, 55 percent of the participants had good thinking and memory skills, 38 percent had moderate skills and 7 percent had poor thinking and memory skills.

Researchers sorted participants into five groups based on their fruit and vegetable consumption. The group with the highest vegetable consumption ate about six servings per day, compared to about two servings for the group with the lowest intake. For fruits, the top group ate about three servings per day, compared to half a serving in the bottom group.

A serving of fruit is considered one cup of fruit or a half-cup of fruit juice. A serving of vegetables is considered one cup of raw vegetables or two cups of leafy greens.

Developed

Overall, 6.6 percent of men who ate the most vegetables developed poor cognitive function, compared with 7.9 percent of men who ate the least.

And 6.9 percent of men who drank orange juice every day developed poor cognitive function, compared with 8.4 percent of men who drank orange juice less than once a month.

The study wasn’t designed to prove whether or how fruit or vegetable consumption directly impacts memory loss. Researchers also lacked data on participants’ memory and thinking skills before the tests and couldn’t assess how diet might have influenced changes over time.