Madagascar rides vanilla price bubble
Hit by rampant speculation and a collapse in production following cyclone Enawo, the price of vanilla Madagascar’s largest export - has surged in recent months. Ice cream, aromatherapy, perfume and haute cuisine: all use the spice sourced from the Indian Ocean island which accounts for about 80 percent of global production. The sudden cash bonanza has threatened to fuel crime and slash quality. On the single paved road in Ampanefena, a rural community in the northeast of Madagascar, youths pass the time doing wheelies on their high-powered Japanese motorbikes.
“It cost 200 million Malagasy ariary (12,00 euros, $14,000),” claimed Akman Mat-hon, 17, atop a Kawasaki too large for his frame. His father is “in vanilla” and bought the bike as a gift. Business is booming: since 2015 the price of the spice has soared relentlessly to “a never-before seen peak of between $600 and $750 a kilo,”(510 and 640 euros) according to Georges Geeraerts, president of Madagascar’s Group of Vanilla Exporters. Since the market was liberalized in 1989, the price has fluctuated wildly - from $400 a kilo in 2003 to $30 in 2005, where it stayed for roughly a decade.
But demand eventually outstripped the supply of around 1,800 tonnes-a-year, spurred on by resurgent calls for organic products, speculation by financiers - and by tropical cyclone Enawo which ravaged part of the production zone. Markets in the vanilla-producing Sava region were saturated almost overnight with motorbikes, smartphones, solar panels, generators, flat-screen televisions and gaudy home furnishings.
‘It’s a free-for-all’
“The banks struggled to keep up with the pace,” said a French trader speaking on condition of anonymity.”Money no longer has any meaning, people think it’s a free-for-all, it’s becoming anarchy,” added Vittorio John, a vanilla grower in his 40s. The price explosion has led to increased thefts from vanilla plantations. Some growers sleep in their fields to guard their precious crop and several thieves have been beaten, imprisoned or even killed. “We pay two police to secure the village,” said Patrick Razafiarivo, 42, an intermediary between the farmers and the exporters who admits to hiding vanilla underneath his mattress. “The police made us pay for their 4X4s,” said a French exporter.
The authorities admit that they were caught unprepared for the boom. “The root of all the problems is insecurity caused by a lack of capacity, staff, and force discipline,” said Teddy Seramila, the Sava region’s development director. Fear of thefts in the plantations has also forced some growers to pick their pods prematurely, resulting in declining standards. “People are doing all sorts. They’re vacuum packing vanilla that can go bad. Non-experts can be misled over the quality,” said an exporter from Madagascar. “Nothing distinguishes a good pod from a bad pod, you can’t tell the difference,” exporter Lucia Ranja Salvetat told AFP.