Senegalese renounce European odyssey for fields at home
KAOLACK, Senegal: Some spent years working in Italy. Others dreamed of getting to Europe but never even made it as far as Libya. Today, they are among a small number of Senegalese who have turned away from the allure of migration and instead are part of a new generation of farmers at home. Pape Samba Diane, 45, spent five years working in agriculture and in a factory in Italy’s Brescia region - the dream of thousands of fellow Senegalese, many of whom risk the dangerous journey through the Sahara for a place on a rickety boat across the Mediterranean.
As he labored on the vineyards, Diane could not help but fail to notice that the people making most of the money were not the workers, but the farmers. That led him to ponder about the potential to do the same back home. “We didn’t realize that we could make something of ourselves using the earth,” he told AFP, sitting under a large tree on his rice farm in Senegal’s central Kaolack region. “In Italy they have agriculture, food processing, agribusiness and they launch their own companies, so I asked myself: ‘Why can’t I do that?’”
After returning, he doggedly pursued the idea, helped by a program tailored to fill gaps in knowhow and technology intended to make farming in the West African fields less backbreaking and more lucrative. Senegal’s government is pushing a policy of self-sufficiency in rice production, aided by research to make crops more climate-resistant and provide a higher yield. It has a partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), a specialized UN agency, which has brought support and training in a nation where a stable political climate contrasts with persistent food insecurity.
The problems facing Senegalese agriculture are many. Low mechanization means that much planting and harvesting is done by hand - the toil and low pay are viewed dismally by many young people. Many villages in Senegal’s central and western regions have emptied of men who go to look for better-paid work elsewhere. The back-to-farming program seeks to brake the trend. More than $100 million has been earmarked for a scheme running from 2011 to 2022, which organizers say will benefit 75,000 households.
Deputy Mayor Babacar Mbaye returned to the Kaolack community of Nganda in 2013 after eight years in Italy and he has watched others follow in his footsteps. “In the area, around 20 or 30 people have returned from the 100 or so who left,” Mbaye said. “They emigrate to other African countries as well, not just to Europe.” Rice is Senegal’s staple food, and once Diane was enrolled in a training program he quickly learned when to sow and harvest a new strain of resilient seed, devised to cope with a warmer climate and declining rainfall.
This season, he harvested three tonnes of rice per hectare from land where yields had been zero for four years. “We learnt the importance of quality grain and when to use fertiliser at the right time,” he explained. Meanwhile Diane has embedded himself fully in his community, serving on the local council and heading up a rice producers’ association. He is passing on expertise to a younger generation of would-be farmers.