Could Taleban finally return to talks?

Exploratory meetings in Pakistan between a high-level Taleban delegation and a representative of a prominent Afghan politician have fuelled speculation of a revival of long-stalled talks on ending Afghanistan’s 16-year war that kills thousands each year. Similar hopes have repeatedly been dashed since the first direct talks between the Western-backed Afghan government and the Taleban broke down almost as soon as they began in the Pakistani hill station of Murree, outside Islamabad, in 2015.

But US ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley’s remarks this week that talks were closer than ever - coming after Monday’s unofficial meeting in Islamabad have renewed interest in a process that had seemed completely stalled. A statement from the Russian foreign ministry on Wednesday called for urgent direct talks between the Taleban and the government, adding that Russia, which has maintained contacts with the insurgent movement, could host them.

“I think something is cooking,” said Mohammad Ismail Qasimyar, a senior adviser to Afghanistan’s High Peace Council, which was established to oversee the peace process. “The situation around us in Afghanistan is developing in such a way that we need peace even more today than we did yesterday.” Low-level contacts between the Afghan government, international groups including the UN and groups close to the Taleban have continued even as the insurgency has escalated over the past three years.

But progress has always been blocked by the deep mistrust between the government and the Taleban, as well as uncertainty about the position of neighbors including Pakistan, which Afghanistan has long accused of aiding the insurgents. Pakistan rejects accusations that it sponsors the Taleban, pointing to the heavy casualty toll militant violence has inflicted on its citizens as well as the efforts it has made to fight radical groups on its territory.

Still, many in Afghanistan argue that Pakistan, which has come under heavy pressure from Washington, is simply encouraging hopes of progress in order to buy time. One senior government official in Kabul, noted that speculation about peace talks regularly surfaces in the winter, while the Taleban regroups ahead of its spring offensive. “None of these meetings or talks about talks will help achieve peace,” he said.

Pakistan’s foreign office spokesman Mohammad Faisal declined to comment on Afghan accusations that Pakistan may have pushed recent meetings to deflect US pressure, but he added Islamabad was in favor of a political solution to the long war. “A stable and prosperous Afghanistan is our aim, he said. “And we would wish that we would arrive at the through negotiations, a talks-based process.”

‘US Policy Working’

The UN Security Council held a debate on Afghanistan’s future on Friday following a visit to Kabul by council members this week, and was expected to call for a stronger regional partnership between Afghanistan and Central Asian neighbors. It is the latest in a series of steps aimed at building agreement among Afghanistan’s neighbors.

Under a new strategy announced last year by US President Donald Trump, the United States has stepped up its assistance to Afghan security forces, particularly through air strikes, with the aim of preventing any Taleban military victory and forcing the insurgents to accept peace talks. “The US policy in Afghanistan is working,” Haley told reporters. “We’re closer to talks with the Taleban and the peace process than we’ve seen before.”

The Taleban itself, which controls or disputes government control over more than a third of the country, says it wants a peaceful solution but says negotiations would depend on international troops leaving Afghanistan. “Islamic Emirate has a clear agenda for peace in Afghanistan and that is the end of invasion and an overall Islamic regime,” its spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said in a statement this week.

According to sources in the Taleban and an Afghan political party, a delegation from the movement’s political office in Qatar visited Islamabad for exploratory talks with Afghan politician Pir Hamid Gilani. A senior Taleban official based near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border said on Friday that the insurgents were “defining a new peace strategy” after the Islamabad meeting, which he described as the “most serious contacts since Murree”.

The movement’s spokesman denied any involvement in a separate meeting in Turkey that included figures linked to a breakaway Taleban faction and a representative of Hizb-i Islami, a party led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, a former Taleban ally who came over to the government side last year. Even if contacts are at no more than “pre-negotiation” stage, where the two sides try to establish the basis for talks, considerable obstacles remain.

The government in Kabul is deeply divided, with increasing hostility between rival ethnic and party groups that will make it difficult to establish a unified negotiating stance. The Taleban has its own divisions and the ability of its leader Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada to command the affiliated Haqqani network, blamed for major attacks on civilian targets in cities such as Kabul, may be tested. —Reuters

I think something is cooking