Realpolitik may affect Dalai Lama’s succession dilemma
MCLEOD GANJ, India: Esoteric questions of reincarnation rarely have real-world political consequences, but many fear the search for a successor to Tibet’s Dalai Lama could inflame regional rivalries.
The 88-year-old spiritual leader, Tenzin Gyatso, has shown no indication of serious health issues, and has said that his dreams suggest he could live until he is 113. But as Tibetans mark on Sunday the 65th anniversary of the failed uprising against Chinese forces that led to him fleeing into exile in India, the question of who will succeed their ageing leader is in sharp focus.
Tibetan activists are keenly aware that his death will mark a major setback in his push for more autonomy for the Himalayan region. It would deprive the cause of a Nobel Prize winner whose moral teachings and idiosyncratic humor have made him one of the world’s most popular religious leaders. Many expect China will name a successor.
That raises the likelihood of rival nominations for the six-century-old post, including one chosen by exiled Tibetans based in India, a regional rival of China. Tensions between the world’s two most populous countries have already flared after a deadly Himalayan border clash in 2020. Here, AFP explains how realpolitik may impact the question of reincarnation.
Reincarnation or emanation?
While the bodies of previous Dalai Lamas have been entombed in stupa burial mounds, Tibetans believe their soul carries on, living in a new being. Tibetan monks traditionally choose the Dalai Lama through a ritualistic search that can take years, seeking telltale signs a child is the reincarnation of a spiritual leader first born in 1391.
The 14th Dalai Lama, who has lived in exile in the northern Indian town of Dharamsala since the failed uprising in 1959, has floated the possibility of a non-traditional succession. He already ended the post’s political powers in 2011 in favor of an elected Tibetan government-in-exile.
Keeping Beijing on its toes, he has alternatively suggested that his reincarnation could be a girl for the first time, or that he might be the last Dalai Lama. Instead of reincarnation — whereby the soul returns in a newborn — there is also the intriguing possibility of “emanation before death”.
In that case, Tibetans believe the Dalai Lama’s spirit could transfer to an adult successor. “It is possible for the Lama to appoint a successor who is either his disciple or someone young who is to be recognized as his emanation,” the Dalai Lama said in 2011.
The Dalai Lama has promised to write a “predictive letter” for monks to follow around his 90th birthday in July 2025. He has said responsibility for choosing any successor will “rest primarily” on his Gaden Phodrang Trust, a Zurich-headquartered foundation.But he has also suggested he may be the last Dalai Lama. “If I die before Tibetans regain their freedom, it is only logical to assume that I will be born outside Tibet,” he wrote in his autobiography, “Freedom in Exile”.