Chip giant TSMC shifts from hotspot Taiwan
KIKUYO, Japan: TSMC's new chip plant in Japan will help assure global supplies of the crucial hardware, the Taiwanese giant's founder Morris Chang said Saturday as the US$8.6billion factory was officially opened.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, which counts Apple and Nvidia as clients, produces half the world's chips, used in everything from smartphones to satellites and increasingly to power AI technology.
But TSMC's customers, as well as governments concerned about supplies of semiconductors vital to their economies and defence, want the firm to make more chips away from the self-ruled island.
China's increasing assertiveness towards Taiwan – which it claims as its own territory and has not ruled out taking by force – has sparked worries about the world's dependence on the island for chip production and pushed TSMC to diversify where it makes them.
The factory on the southern Japanese island of Kyushu “will, I believe, improve the resiliency of chip supply for Japan and for the world,” 92-year-old Chang said at Saturday's ceremony, in a rare public appearance.
“It will also, I believe, start a renaissance of semiconductor manufacturing in Japan,” Chang said.
The new plant in Japan is “the most significant TSMC international investment to open in many years", said Chris Miller, author of “Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology”.
“It will also solidify the political relationship between Taiwan and Japan at a time when Taiwan is looking to make sure it's got powerful friends that can help it stand up to Chinese pressure,” Miller told AFP.
TSMC's new facility is also a coup for Japan as it vies with the US and Europe to woo semiconductor firms with huge subsidies.
Prime Minister Fumio Kishida told the opening ceremony that Japan was “now being positioned as an important foothold in TSMC's world strategy.”
“I have high hopes too that the economic exchange between Japan and Taiwan will be made more vibrant,” he said.
Firms like Toshiba and NEC helped Japan dominate in microchips in the 1980s but competition from South Korea and Taiwan saw its global market share slump from more than 50 per cent to around 10 per cent.
Now Japan is making available up to four trillion yen (US$26.7 billion) in state sweeteners to help triple the sales of domestically produced chips to more than 15 trillion yen by 2030.
The new TSMC plant in the town of Kikuyo, for which the government pledged more than 40 per cent of the costs – Sony and Denso are also on board – is just the first.
With “strong” Japanese government support, TSMC this month announced a second facility, to make more advanced chips, and is reportedly eyeing a third and even a fourth.
Others getting state funds include Kioxia, Micron and Rapidus, an ambitious joint venture involving IBM and Japanese firms for state-of-theart two-nanometre logic chips.
TSMC is building a second factory in the US state of Arizona and plans another in Germany, its first in Europe.
But Japan has the advantage of being geographically closer, has a wealth of experience in the sector and, for the Kikuyo plant at least, which took 22 months to build, is fast.
By contrast, in the US, which has announced subsidies of US$52.7 billion to boost its own sector, the Arizona plant has been delayed and has seen disputes with unions.
“I have seen many factories being built by various companies, but TSMC was built with remarkable speed,” Taro Imamura, a local official in Kikuyo, told AFP.