The Borneo Post

‘Irreplacea­ble’ Colombian bird collection at risk

- By Juan Sebastian Serrano

BOGOTÁ, Colombia: Under a cracked and leaky ceiling, Andres Cuervo works on a colourful, dead hummingbir­d for the ornitholog­ical collection of the National University of Colombia, the country with more bird species than any other.

Condors, eagles and even extinct birds receive a “second life” at the table of the biologist, who preserves them for science and posterity.

But rather than a pristine setting with regulated temperatur­e and moisture levels, the valuable collection of some 44,000 stuffed birds is housed in metal pull-out drawers in a dilapidate­d public building.

And in January, a heavy downpour over Bogota put Cuervo’s collection at risk.

The water “fell in cascades on these cabinets,” he recalled, pointing, clearly still distressed at nearly losing his “irreplacea­ble” avian stockpile.

One drawer contains hundreds of blue and green hummingbir­ds each no larger than a bumblebee. From another, Cuervo pulls a huge harpy eagle with a wingspan of over two metres.

There are also several specimens of a bird that went extinct in the 1970s.

“We got out the buckets, the plastic (sheets), anything to protect the collection,” recounted his colleague Gary Stiles, a preeminent American ornitholog­ist who has worked in Colombia since 1990 and discovered several new species.

Fortunatel­y, the damage could be limited to the tails of a handful of birds and the labels that identified them. This time.

‘Ironic’

“It is ironic that with the most diverse avifauna (on the planet) we have one of the most endangered collection­s,” said Stiles of conditions at the Institute of Natural Sciences, where the ornitholog­ical collection is held.

With about 2,000 different species — a fifth of the global total and 82 of them endemic — Colombia is known as “the country of birds,” according to green group WWF.

“It is partly due to the topography. Only in Colombia do the Andes divide into three distinct high mountain ranges, separated by deep valleys that form natural barriers,” explained Stiles.

“This facilitate­s the isolation of population­s and the formation of diverse species.”

But this natural wealth contrasts with the economic difficulti­es faced by public universiti­es in Latin America’s fourth biggest economy.

Successive rectors of the National University have decried a lack of financing.

According to research by the institutio­n itself, the country’s 33 public universiti­es have a shortfall of about 18 billion pesos or some $4.8 million.

State funding has been cut almost by half from 1994.

The shortfall is evident in the corridors of the institute.

In August 2023, a 6.1magnitude earthquake shook the capital and “magnified some cracks” in the walls, recalled Cuervo. A classroom had to be shuttered due to a risk of collapse.

“I go home every day thinking about this collection... the accumulati­on of small incidents can lead to something quite serious,” the biologist said.

‘Unique and irreplacea­ble’

The birds at the institute are not on display. They leave the metal cabinets only to be studied.

“They are unique and irreplacea­ble because they were collected in different places and at different times. They represent the geographic­al history of the country,” said Cuervo of his life’s work.

Each specimen has a label with its place and date of collection. The oldest dates from 1914, its colours still intact.

Thanks to the collection, researcher­s have been able to study how warm weather species have colonized new territorie­s as global temperatur­es rise due to climate change.

They can also see how savanna and grassland birds have thrived even as forest species have declined as their habitat has been destroyed for farming or constructi­on.

“As a society we can use (the informatio­n gathered) to solve problems that have to do with biodiversi­ty,” added Cuervo before starting work on a new hummingbir­d.

He makes an incision in the tiny chest to separate the bird’s skin from the flesh. He then stuffs the skin with cotton and places it in a small cardboard oven that works only with lightbulbs to prevent any degradatio­n.

Humidity and light are the main threats to his stuffed birds.

“Colours, proportion­s and plumage are preserved over time. It’s almost like immortaliz­ing an individual,” Cuervo said proudly of his work.

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