Why the iceberg broke away
Calving is a natural event, and scientists had predicted the break.
SOMETIME last week, a block of ice the size of Delaware broke away from Antarctica and is now floating freely in the Weddell Sea.
The iceberg, which at around 1 trillion tonnes is one of the largest on record, poses no immediate threat to sea levels. But scientists say the break may have altered the profile of the continent’s western peninsula for decades to come and could offer a preview of what global warming might do to maritime ice shelves.
Scientists at Project Midas, a research team from Swansea University and Aberystwyth University in Britain, first confirmed the break last Wednesday using data from Nasa satellites.
They said they had been monitoring a rift in an ice shelf called Larsen C for years before it started to grow rapidly in January, increasing in length to about 193km (120mi) and leaving the iceberg hanging by a thread of ice less than 4.8km (3mi) wide.
“We have been anticipating this event for months, and have been surprised how long it took for the rift to break through the final few kilometres of ice,” said Adrian Luckman of Swansea University, the project’s lead investigator.
What happens next to the iceberg is difficult to predict. “It may remain in one piece but is more likely to break into fragments,” Luckman said in a statement. “Some of the ice may remain in the area for decades, while parts of the iceberg may drift north into warmer waters.”
There is still debate about whether man-made global warming played a role.
Martin O’Leary, a glaciologist at Project Midas, said that the process known as calving is a natural event.
“We’re not aware of any link to human-induced climate change,” he said. But scientists say the break has reduced Larsen C by more than 12 percent, which some worry could have a destabilising effect on the remainder of the shelf, among Antarctica’s largest.
Larsen C, which is nearly half a mile thick at its largest point, floats on the ocean at the edge of the Antarctic Peninsula, holding back a flow of glaciers that feed into it.
“As climate warming advances farther south, it will affect larger and larger ice shelves that currently hold back bigger and bigger glaciers, so their collapse will contribute more to sea level rise,” said Eric Rignot, a University of California, Irvine glaciologist and research scientist at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Namedforthemanwho discovered it in 1893, the Norwegian explorer Carl Anton Larsen, the Larsen Ice Shelf is actually a series of many floating chunks of ice. Larsen C, the largest, was first photographed in the 1960s. Even then, the fateful crack was already visible, according to Nasa.
Ice shelves are thick platforms of ice floating on the surface of the ocean. They form as ice sheets – large accumulations of snow on top of a landmass – flow downhill to the ocean.
Ice shelves naturally shed weight in the form of icebergs, the process called calving, or through melting on the bottom. One way to know if a sheet is healthy is to see if it’s gaining as much ice as it is losing.
Ice sheets grow as snow accumulates and freezes on the surface, and lose ice through melting and calving of their shelves.
If a large enough iceberg calves off, an ice shelf could collapse.
That’s what happened to Larsen C’s neighbors, Larsen A and Larsen B, in 1995 and 2002 respectively.
“That’s just the way Antarctica works,” said Helen Fricker, a glaciologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography who studies the Larsen C ice sheet.
A collapse of Larsen C is probably decades away, Rignot said. But the ice shelf has now retreated farther back than it has in the last 125 years.
“More bergs will detach; it will become weaker and eventually fall apart in a domino effect,” he said. – Tribune News Service