UN targets superbugs
The United Nations acknowledges the seriousness of antimicrobial resistance in its current General Assembly.
WORLD leaders on Wednesday, for the first time, tackled the growing scourge of superbacteria, which are resistant to antibiotics, and are making illnesses from tuberculosis to sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) increasingly difficult to treat.
The meeting brought together heads of government and senior health officials on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly – a forum for global crises where such health issues rarely figure on the agenda.
Under a draft document, the governments will look to commit themselves to bolstering controls over antibiotics, to stepping up awareness over the problem and to encouraging research in alternative treatments.
The World Health Organization (WHO) hopes that the meeting will attract attention and public money globally to curb the increasingly serious issue.
“We are losing our ability to treat infections,” said Keiji Fukuda, a senior WHO official in charge of anti-microbial resistance.
“Not only does it threaten to increase deaths, but our whole ability to handle patients is threatened.
“It also threatens our ability to grow enough food," he said, pointing to superbacteria's effects on crops and livestock.
A recent British study found that the development of super-resistant bacteria could contribute to the deaths of 10 million people per year worldwide by 2050 – about the same number who die from different forms of cancer.
Currently, some 700,000 deaths a year around the world are attributed to antimicrobial resistance.
Fukuda said that future death forecasts are just estimates, with reliable data not available in many countries.
But experts hope the grim figures will help draw public attention to the seriousness of the problem.
Misusing our medicines
The dangers originate with the overuse or misuse of antimicrobials – chief among them, antibiotics – around the world.
The risks come not only with animals, but crucially, with livestock, where antibiotics are used on a massive scale, not only to treat animals, but to pump up their size.
The super-resistant bacteria can come into humans through water contamination or animal waste, or through meat.
Resistance to bacteria was discovered as early as the 1950s by Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin.
But the problem has only reached worrying proportions in recent years, aggravated by the absence of new antibiotics, Fukuda said.
These days a growing number of people find their bodies resistant to drugs to treat not just obscure diseases, but also commonplace ones like skin and blood ailments, or urinary tract infections.
Among the most difficult infections to treat are tuberculosis, with the UN saying that some 480,000 people each year develop a form of the illness resistant to antibiotics.
Also increasingly difficult to treat are hospital-acquired illnesses and STDs such as gonorrhoea.
“We have not come up with any new class of antibiotics in at least two decades. There is a dry pipeline,” Fukuda said.
For pharmaceutical companies, research has not appeared profitable with uncertain prospects for profit.
Growing awareness
But Fukuda said there has been a growing recognition of the problem in recent years, including in emerging economies such as Thailand.
Several countries, mostly in Scandinavia, have sought to curtail the use of antibiotics, with Norway eradicating their use in captive fish farms.
Leaders of the World Bank and the Group of 20 major economies have recently voiced concern about the effect of rising superbacterium in global growth and the fight against poverty.
For Fukuda, super-bacteria have finally become a "big societal threat".
“Just like we saw with climate change or HIV. That is the transition we are seeing right now,” he said. – AFPRelaxnews